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The Mamelukes were originally slave-soldiers, who served the Muslim Caliphs and the Ayyubid Sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries. Being soldiers, they were free to carry arms, as time went by their social status was above free-born Egyptians, they became a powerful military caste within Egypt. So powerful and so numerous that they seized power for themselves and so began the Mamluk Dynasty from 1250AD to 1517AD.
The religion of Ancient Egyptians was of remarkable antiquity and a very stable in its long-held views, in accordance with the stability of their society. Their country along the Nile River was protected by natural features from outside invasions and regulated by the predictable cyclical nature of the annual flood, when the Nile, swollen with rains from central Africa, overflowed its banks, bringing rich silt to renew the soil, as well as life giving water. This flood was so reliable, seasonally, that the Egyptians time their calendar by its rising waters, which marked the beginning of their New Year.
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