
" All those who disturbed the commonwealth put forward worthy motives,
some claiming to protect the rights of the people. others that they were
strengthening the senate's authority, but it was all pretense. Every
man was fighting for his own power." (Sallust,Cat.38)
Clodius finally managed to have his status as patrician changed
to plebeian in 59, but only with the intervention of Caesar who was consul
in that year. As he was sui juris he could only become plebeian
by a special act of adoption called, adrogatio. This required
a decree of the Comitia Curiata which had to be called by the senate who
opposed the obvious political ploy. Caesar at once seeing the advantage
of placing Clodius in a position to be a tribune who would be under obligatio to
him, called a session of the Comitia Curiata himself. Caesar convened the
curiate assembly, a group of 30 lictors empowered to represent the curia,
and promulgated the Rogatio de Adrogatione.
In his role of Pontifex Maximus, he declared that there was
no religious impediment to the adoption of Clodius by a plebeian. Pompey,
in on the scheme, attended the meeting as augur and proclaimed no adverse
omens attended the adoption. The decree was duly passed and Clodius was
legally adopted by the plebeian, P.Fonteius, a youth of 20 who on the spot,
emancipated his recently acquired son. The choice of a man younger than
Clodius as a momentary plebeian father underscored the purely expediential
nature of a move which legally, but not socially, changed the status of
Clodius as a Roman citizen.
Caesar, Pompey, and by association, Crassus, now had the
opportunity to create a tribune who could put at least a temporary strangle
hold on the senate. Clodius when he was elected tribune would have the
power to veto any legislation of the senate which was adverse to the interests
of the triumvirate and his election with the backing of the people and
the triumvirate was a sure thing. Furthermore, any legislation proposed
by the popular tribune carried the special weight of public opinion and
increasingly, the danger of civil insurrection should it not be carried.
You will find that the whole series of events receives quite
a different emphasis from the completely egocentric, Cicero. To him this
obvious bid for power was nothing more than a plot to destroy him. To be
certain, Clodius intended to destroy his arch enemy Cicero when he was
in power, but the triumvirs had larger game than Cicero in mind.
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