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The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (2 threads, 232 posts)
    Rome in the First Century A.D. (13 posts)
    Historical Thread

    For discussion of Rome's development in the period between the late Republic and the Empire under its Judeo-Claudian Emperors. ...
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    On the restoration of the res publica
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    Author: * Cimon Aristocratos - 2 Posts on this thread out of 254 Posts sitewide.
    Date: Jun 9, 2003 - 08:21

    Having asked the question I suppose I ought to weigh in.

    I rather agree with Drakus and for the very reasons he gives, primarily that of the Praetorian Guard and the military, generally. The legions swore a personal oath of loyalty to Tiberius, and Tiberius, in turn, knew quite well that his position relied on his legions' loyalty. The principate as organized by Augustus was founded on military power, but masked by a kind of republican mime.

    Tiberius was even more solicitous of republican forms than Augustus, interestingly. I marvel at some of his speeches to the Senate as conveyed by Suetonius. While Tiberius apparently found Senate meetings almost too officious to endure, he often cut through the Senate's obsequities with a laconic wit. But the possibility of actually restoring the res publica had, perhaps, died with Cicero.

    I do not think, however, that the possibility of republican government died because no one could remember how it had operated. Under Augustus and Tiberius, the forms of republican government continued in the foreground, while in the background stood the emperor backed by formidable military power. It was all a deceitful but highly effective mimicry of the past. Had Cicero lived the play might have driven him insane.

    But as to the memory of the res publica ... certainly no one suggested, nor would they suggest today, that an institutional memory of republican forms was a prerequisite for restoration. There was always something of innovation, invention and spontaneity in ancient democracy, and there was, at least, a whiff of Athenian democracy apparent in Rome's forum. The attempt to restore the res publica would certainly have ignited renewed competition among a few leading men and that would have degenerated into civil war. And that memory, of the civil wars from Marius' and Sulla's time through Caesar's and Pompey's and down to Octavian's and Antony's, must have been a powerful deterrent to restoring republican government. Odd, when one considers that the expulsion of Rome's kings played a similarly potent deterrent when the Republic was at its height.


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