Discovery has the article Earliest Shoe-Wearers Revealed by Toe Bones on the evaluations of the first footwear.

Robust middle-toes or other types of middle-toes show the types of shoes worn by different cultures worldswide

Probably, prehistoric groups of human beings were shod. Probably, Neanderthals were not completely shoeless.

Today, individuals still are shoeless in cold environments such as the hills of Romania and eastern Bulgaria.