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Anatolia
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Anatolia (now Turkey) was divided into several small kingdoms in ancient times.
Pontus
This large kingdom was towards the east of the Euxine or Black Sea. The Greeks established several colonies (Trapezus, Sinope, Amisus), bringing the Hellenic culture to the region in the centuries before Roman domination of the Mediterranean.
The Mithridatic ruling dynasty was of mixed Germanic and Celtic origin with some Persian blood. They intermarried with the Seleucids of Syria and became increasingly Hellenized. Many smaller kingdoms paid tribute to the Pontic kings rather than being directly ruled by them. Mithridates V bought Phrygia from the Roman governor. Under Mithridates Vi, Pontus expanded into neighbouring countries (Cappadocia, Galatia) and made an alliance with Tigranes of Armenia. Mithridates ordered the killing of the Roman and other Latin inhabitants of Rome's Asia Province and the country was invaded by Rome in 87 BC. In 64 BC, Pompey destroyed the kingdom of Pontus, Mithridates VI committed suicide after escaping to the Crimea. Pompey first annexed Syria, and then captured Jerusalem, annexing Judea. Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is deposed; this is considered by some the end of the Seleucid dynasty.
Map courtesy of AncientAnatolia.com
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