The "land of the Colla" , thanks its name one of the most powerful and vigorous enemies of the Incas: The Colla or Hatun Colla. This was one of the many tribes that had organised themselves in communities after the Tiwanaku culture had faded round 1150 AD. Together with the Lupaca kingdom they had control over more or less the whole region of lake Titicaca.

Conquest during the reign of Pachacuti

Inca Pachacutec, who had been victorious over the Cancha tribe and had consolidated the surroundings of Qosqo, headed with a large army toward the lake, where he encountered a strong opponent in the leader of the Colla, Chuchi Capac, who had previously been a guest at a wedding in Qosqo. The battle was fierce. At a certain point however, Pachacuti, was able to capture Chuchi Capac, which was clearly a breaking point. Soon all the leaders of the Colla were captured. Pachacuti took them to the capital Hatun Colla and demanded that loyalty and obedience of all Chuchi Capac's subjects.

When this was done and the people had offered enough precious gifts, Pachacuti went back to Qosqo, taking the Colla leaders as prisoners. Once back in the capital, it is said that Chuchi Capac was be-headed in the Coricancha and the other captains were put in a prison filled with serpents and toads.
The cruel fate of the Colla leaders, made that many other tribes offered their obedience to the Inca.

One of Pachacuti's sons, Tupac (Topa) Yupanqui, continued to conquer. when he was fighting in Antisuyu, rebellion broke loose in Collasuyu, where a rumour had been spread that the Inca was dead. This news reached Tupac Inca, who decided to teach these rebels a lesson. He left Antisuyu and marched into Colasuyu. Like his father before him, he captured the leaders who's skins are said to have been made into drums. This put a stop to any further Colla rebellion.

Having tasted victory Tupac Inca moved further south, into Argentina and Chile, conquering every nation on his path, until he was stopped by the Mapuches in the south of Chili.