Article by: Craig Stevenson :

ANY WAR IN THIS TIMELINE IN ITALY IS OFTEN WITH A SINGLE CITY, RATHER THAN A TRIBE. THIS IS BECAUSE THE ITALIAN CITIES FOLLOWED THE GREEK EXAMPLE OF CITY-STATES.

800 BC - Suspected date of the settlement of immigrants on the Palatine hill.
753 BC - Legendary date of the founding of city of Rome on the banks of the River Tiber. It is said that this was the founding of the city, when in reality at this point it was a mere Latin village.
750 BC - Founding of the Cumae as a Greek trading station.
730 BC - Date of founding of the city of Rhegium by people from Chalcis.
716 BC - Romulus, the first emperor of Rome, dies. Numa Pompilius becomes king of Rome.
716 BC - Romulus is deified and takes the immortal name of Quirinus. From now on, citizens of Rome refer to each other as quirites.
715 BC - Date of the death of Romulus.
712 BC - The senator Numa Marcius is made the first Pontifex Maximus.
706 BC - Founding of the city of Taras, which was founded by Spartan settlers.
700 BC - Founding of the Greek city of Tarentum by Spartans.
673 BC - Tullius Hostilius becomes king of Rome. During his reign, the noble families of the Tulii, Servilii, Quinctii, Geganii, Curiatii, and Cloelii join Rome, and he builds the Curia Hostilia, the Senate House.
642 BC - Tullius Hostilius dies. King Ancus Marcius succeeds him.
625 BC - The Forum Romanum is flooded by severe storms.
625 BC - The Forum Romanum is drained by engineers.
625 - 600 BC - The founding of the city later known as Paestum, which was founded in honor of the Greek god Poseidon.
616 BC - King Ancus Marcius dies in Rome. Rule of Tarquinius Priscus. Begins the rule of Etruscan Kings.
600 BC - Rome conquers the city of Alba Longa. The rulers, the Iulii, are brought into Rome and develop the clan Julius.
600? BC - Founding of the Greek city of Massilia by Ionian Greek settlers.
600 BC - The people of Cumae send out settlers, and found the city of Neapolis south of Cumae along the coast of Italy.
582 BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, on the island of Samos.
579 BC - Death of Tarquinius Priscus, who is axed in the head by two farmers.
578 BC - Rule of Servius Tullius.
575 BC - Approximated true founding date of the city of Rome, when the forum was established during the rule of Tarquinius Priscus. It was known as Rumula.
550 BC - Carthaginian presence in the islands of Sicily and Sardinia.
535 BC - Death of Servius Tullius.
534 BC - King L. Tarquinius Superbus begins his rule in Rome.
519 BC - The Roman general L. Quinctius Cincinnatus is born.
518 BC - Birth of the Greek lyric poet Pindar, in the town of Cynoscephalae, Boeotia, Greece
510 BC - Supposed date of the rape of the Sabines at Rome.
509 BC - Overthrow of Etruscan kings and destruction of the monarchy by L. Junius Brutus.
509 BC - The first consuls of the Roman Republic are L. Junius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus. Three more are appointed later on. They are Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus, P. Valerius Publicola (first time), and M. Horatius Pulvillus. There are a total of five consuls for the year.
509 BC - The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is built on the Capitoline Hill.
508 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (second time) and T. Lucretius Tricipitinus (first time).
508 BC - The city of Rome is attacked (it is not certain if it is captured) by Lars Porsenna.
508 BC - Creation of the position of Pontifex Maximus as an official, which was designed to overpower the Rex Sacrorum.
508 BC - Several Roman noblewomen, including Cloelia, swim the Tiber River to escape from Lars Porsenna and his men.
507 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (third time) and M. Horatius Pulvillus (second time).
506 BC - The consuls are Sp. Lartius Rufus and T. Herminius Aquilinus.
506 BC - A planned invasion of Rome by Tarquinius Superbus and an army of Etruscans is defeated by the Latin League an Aristodemos of Cumae in a battle at Aricia.
506 BC - A Roman noble named Horatius Cocles stops an invasion, when he bars the bridge into Rome. While he is defending the bridge, the consuls Sp. Lartius and T. Herminius chop it down to prevent the enemy crossing. Horatius swims, fully armored across the Tiber to safety.
505 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius and P. Postumius Tubertus (first time).
504 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (fourth time) and T. Lucretius Tricipitnus (second time).
504 BC - Migration of the Claudii to Rome, where they later form the nucleus of the patrician Claudian clan.
504 BC - Migration of the tribe of the Sabine Attius Clausus migrated to Rome where he was made a patrician and his tribe was given the citizenship.
503 BC - The consuls are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and P. Postumius Tubertus (second time).
502 BC - The consuls are Opiter Verginius Tricostus and Sp. Cassius Vecellinus.
501 BC - The consuls are Postumius Cominius Auruncus and T. Larius (first time).
500 BC - The consuls are Ser. Sulpicius Cmaerinus Cornutus and M. Tullius Longus.
500 BC - Appointment of the first-ever dictator, T. Larcius.
500? BC - Death of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras.
499 BC - The consuls are T. Aebutius Helva and C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
498 BC - The consuls are Q. Cloelius Siculus and T. Lartius (second time).
497 BC - The consuls are A. Sempronius Atratinus and M. Minucius Augurinus.
496 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albus Regillensis and T. Verginius Tricostus Caliomontanus (first time).
496 BC - Battle of Lake Regillus. Romans engaged in a battle with the Latins. The divine twins, Castor and Pollux were supposedly at the battle fighting with the Romans. The Romans were led by T. Lartius and the Latins by Mamilius Octavius.
496 BC - Death of deposed King Tarquinius Superbus in Cumae, where he had been granted refuge.
495 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis and P. Servilius Priscus Structus.
495 BC - Battle of Aricia against the Aurunci.
495 BC - The Roman forces capture the town of Seussa Pometia.
495 BC - The Romans sign a military pact with the Hernici.
494 BC - The consuls are A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (second time) and T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
494 BC - A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus is appointed dictator, and appoints M. Valerius as his Magister Equitum (master of the horse) after a battle against the Italian Volscians.
494 BC - A bloody battle occurs between the Romans and the Volscians at Velitrae.
494 BC - First Secession of the Plebs in Rome. Creation of the tribunes of the plebs, two of whom are elected annually. The First tribunes are G. Licinius and L. Albinus who later appoint Sicinius and two unknown others to join them.
494 BC - Creation of the office of aedile for the plebeians of Rome, held by two men.
494 BC - The famous Roman Coriolanus is exiled for threatening to raise grain prices during a famine. He was sent to the Volsci and stayed with his direct rival Attius Tullius.
493 BC - The consuls are Postumus Cominius Auruncus and Sp. Cassius Vecellinus.
493 BC - A treaty known as the foedus Cassianum created by Sp. Cassius was signed by Rome and the Latins in order to protect themselves against incursions from mountain tribes.
493 BC - The Roman general Gn. Marcius captures the Volscian town of Corioli and is thus given, by decree of the senate, the surname Coriolanus.
493 BC - The Volscians are defeated in a battle at Antium.
492 BC - The consuls are T. Geganius Macerinus and P. Minucius Augurinus.
491 BC - The consuls are M. Minucius Augurinus and A. Sempronius Atratinus.
491 BC - A law passed by a tribune named L. Icilius, the lex Icilia, prevents magistrates from interrupting an assembly of the people.
491 BC - Acting as a general for the Volscians, Coriolanus captures the Roman cities of Circeii, Satricum, Longula, Polsuca, Corioli, Lavinium, Corbio, Vitellia, Trebium, Labici and Pedum.
491 BC - Just before he is about to invade Rome, Coriolanus is turned back by a plea from his mother.
491 BC - The temple of Fortuna Muliebris is built, to comemerate the memories and actions of the women who stopped Coriolanus.
490 BC - The consuls are Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus and Sp. Lartius.
490 BC - The Greek forces under Miltiades defeat the invading Persian force under King Darius of Persia at the battle of Marathon.
489 BC - The consuls are G. Julius Iullus and P. Pinarius Mamertinus Rufus.
488 BC - The consuls are Sp. Nautius Rutilus and Sex. Furius.
487 BC - The consuls are T. Sicinius and G. Aquillius
487 BC - The army of the Hernici is defeated by the Romans.
486 BC - The consuls are Sp. Cassius Vicellinus and Proculus Verinius Tricostus Rutilus.
486 BC - Spurius Cassius, who was aiming at being consul a third time is killed for trying to gain too much personal power (this event is questionable).
486 BC - War with the Aequi and the Volsci, which flares up and dies down again for the next fifty years.
485 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis and Q. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
484 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (first time) and K. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
483 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus (first time) and Sp. Furius Fusus (first time).
483 BC - The temple of Castor is finally completed and dedicated.
482 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and G. Julius Iullus.
482 - 474 BC - Intermittent wars with Veii occur in this period.
481 BC - The consuls are K. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and Sp. Furius Fusus (second time).
481 BC - In an ambush set up by the Veientes, all 306, except one, of the clan Fabii are killed.
480 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and Gn. Manlius Cincinnatus.
480 BC - The 'Spartan Last Stand' occurs under Leonidas at Thermopylae. The Spartans are eventually defeated after being betrayed by a traitor, Ephialtes.
480 BC - The Greek forces under the general Themistocles defeat the invading Persian navy under King Xerxes at the battle of Salamis.
479 BC - The consuls are K. Fabius Vibulanus (third time) and G. Servilius Structus Ahala.
479 BC - The battle of the Cremera occurs, when the clan Fabii enlists their clients into an army. They then attack and defeat a Veiian army.
478 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (second time) and T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus.
478 BC - One of the consuls, T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, dies and the consul suffectus is Verginius Esquilinus.
477 BC - The consuls are G. Horatius Pulvillus and T. Menenius Agrippae Lanatus.
476 BC - The consuls are A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilusand Sp. Servilius Structus.
475 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (first time) & C. Nautius Rutilus.
474 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Medullinus & A. Manlius Vulso.
474 BC - An army of Etruscans is defeated near the town of Cumae by Hiero of Syracuse. This is the first contact of any kind with Syracuse by the Romans.
474 BC - The "40 years peace" agreement between Veii and Rome is signed.
473 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (third time) and Vopiscus Julius Iullus.
472 BC - The consuls are L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus and P. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
471 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus and T. Quinctus Capitolinus.
471 BC - The Lex Publilia Voleronis is created. It legalizes the assemblies and elections of the plebeians. It authorizes the creation of the Comitia Plebis.
471 BC - Second secession of the plebs in Rome. The plebeian assembly is made into a tribal affair, in that the tribes of Rome are asked to vote to pass plebiscites.
470 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus and Ti. Aemilius Mamercus (first time).
470? BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher Socrates.
469 BC - The consuls are T. Numicius Priscus and A. Verginius Caeliomontanus.
468 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (first time) and Q. Servilius Structus Priscus.
467 BC - The consuls are Ti. Aemilius Mamercus (second time) and Q. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
467 BC - Foundation of the Latin colony of Antium.
466 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Priscus and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
465 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and T. Quinctus Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
464 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albus Regillensis and Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
463 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Priscus and L. Aebutius Helva.
462 BC - The consuls are L. Lucretius Tricipitinus and T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
462 BC - A tribune of the plebs, G. Terentilius Harsa, begins to agitate for the establishment of a committee to write down the laws of Rome.
461 BC - The consuls are P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.
461 BC - Dissatisfied plebeians in Rome begin to riot.
460 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (second time) and G. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus.
460 BC - One of the consuls dies, and the consul suffectus is L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (first time).
460 BC - Birth of the Father of Medicine and creator of the Hippocratic Oath, Hippocrates.
459 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus and L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus.
458 BC - The consuls are G. Nautius Rutilus and Carvetus.
458? BC - A Roman general L. Minucius is defeated by the Aequi at Mt. Algidus, but the army is rescued from complete annihilation by L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, who left his plow to become dictator. He ruled for 16 days, then retired back to his farm.
457 BC - The consuls are originally M. Horatius Pulvillus and Q. Minucius Esquilinus, then L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (second time) and M. Fabius Vibulanus.
456 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca and Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontantus.
456 BC - Third secession of the plebs in Rome. The plebeians of Rome are granted land to live upon.
455 BC - The consuls are T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus and G. Veturius Cicurinus.
454 BC - The consuls are Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus and A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis.
453 BC - The consuls are Sex. Quinctilius and P. Curiatus Fistus Trigeminus.
452 BC - The consuls are T. Menenius Lanatus and P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus.
451 BC - The decemvirate (council of ten) is established. Their powers work outside of the regular constitution. The decemvirate replaced the consuls, and consisted of the following senators:
Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus, T. Genucius Augurinus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, P. Sestius Capito, G. Julius Iullus, A. Manlius Vulso, P. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, P. Curiatus Fistus Trigeminus, T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
451 BC - The Code of the Twelve Tables is published by the decemvirate.
450 BC - Number of the tribunes of the plebs raised to ten.
449 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius Barbatus.
449 BC - Fourth secession of the plebs. The lex Valeria Horatia grants the tribunician inviolability. This is later granted to the emperors.
448 BC - The consuls are Sp. Herminius Coritinesanus and T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus.
447 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (first time) and G. Julius.
447 BC - Creation of position for two quaestors, elected by the tribal assembly. This became the first step of a political career, and allowed automatic entry into the senate.
447 BC - The Roman general and politician M. Furius Camillus is born.
446 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (first time) and Agrippa Furius Fusus.
445 BC - The consuls are M. Genucius Augurinus and G. Curtius Philo.
445 BC - A law passed by a tribune named Canuleius, the lex Canuleia, replaces the consuls with military tribunes with consular powers.
445 BC - Passing of the lex Canuleia, a law allowing plebeians and patricians to marry, up until then forbidden.
444 BC - The military tribunes for the year are A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Atilius Luscus and T. Cloelius Siculus.
444 BC - The Romans sign a treaty with Ardea.
443 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (first time) and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
443 BC - Introduction of the office of censor to the Cursus Honorum.
442 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus and Postumius Aebutius Helva Cornicen.
441 BC - The consuls are G. Furius Pacilus Fusus and M. Papirius Crassus.
440 BC - The consuls are Proculus Geganius Macerinus and T. Menenius Lanatus.
439 BC - The consuls are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
439 BC - Gn. Spurius Maelius attempts to make himself king of Rome. He is killed by Quintus Servilius Ahala.
439 BC - Quinctius Cincinnatus is made dictator of Rome to deal with plebeian conspiracy.
438 BC -The military tribunes for the year are L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (fourth time), Mamercus Aemilius and C. Julius Iullus.
438? BC - Death of the Greek lyric poet Pindar, at Argos.
438 BC - Death of the Roman general and statesman L. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
437 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (second time) and L. Sergius Fidenas (first time).
436 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and M. Cornelius Maluginensis.
435 BC - The consuls are G. Julius and L. Verginius Tricostus (first time).
435 BC - Q. Servilius Fidenas excavates a tunnel under the walls of the city of Fidenae in order to capture it. This is an essential step towards taking the city of Veii.
434 BC - The consuls are originally G. Julius Iullus and L. Verginius Tricostus (second time), then M. Manlius Capitolinus and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus.
434 BC - The terms of office for censors are fixed at four years.
433 BC - The military tribunes are M. Fabius Vibulanus, M. Folius Flaccinator, and L. Sergius Fidenas.
433 BC - The temple of Apollo at Rome is built.
432 BC - The military tribunes are L. Pinarius Mamercus, L. Furius Medullinus and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
431 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus (first time) and G. Julius Mento.
431 BC - The Aquei are driven from Mt. Algidius by M. Furius Camillus.
430 BC - The consuls are G. Papirius Crassus and L. Julius Iullus.
429 BC - The consuls are Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus and L. Sergius Fidenas (second time).
428 BC - The consuls are originally A. Cornelius Cossus and T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus (second time), then L. Quinctius and A. Sempronius.
427 BC - The consuls are G. Servilius Structus Ahala and L. Papirius Mugillanus.
427 BC - Comitia Centuriata given final voice in the matter of declaration of war.
426 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus, C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis and A. Cornelius Cossus.
425 BC - The military tribunes are A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Furius Medullinus and L. Horatius Barbatus.
424 BC - The military tribunes are Ap. Claudius Crassus, Sp. Nautius Rutilius, L. Sergius Fidenas and Sex. Julius Iullus.
423 BC - The consuls are G. Sempronius Atratinus and Q. Fabius Vibulanus.
422 BC - The military tribunes are L. Manlius Capitolinus, Q. Antonius Merenda and L. Papirius Mugilanus.
421 BC - The consuls are Gn. Fabius Vibulanus and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus.
421 BC - The number of positions of quaestors is increased to four, and it is opened to plebeians.
420 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius, L. Furius Medullinus, M. Manlius Vulso and A. Sempronius Atratinus.
419 BC - The military tribunes are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Sp. Nautius Rutulus, and G. Servilius Axilla.
418 BC - The military tribunes are L. Sergius Fidenas, M. Papirius Mugillanus and G. Servilius Axilla.
417 BC - The military tribunes are P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, G. Servilius Axilla and Sp. Rutilius Crassus.
416 BC - The military tribunes are A. Sempronius Atratinus, M. Papirius Mugillanus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus and Sp. Nautius Rutilus.
415 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Cossus, G. Valerius Potitus, N. Vibulanus and Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
414 BC - The military tribunes are Gn. Cornelius Cossus, L. Valerius Potitus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus and P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
413 BC - The consuls are A. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus (first time).
412 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Ambustus Vibulanus and G. Furius Pacilus.
411 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Mugillanus and Sp. Nautius Rutilus.
410 BC - The consuls are Man. Aemilius Mamercinus and G. Valerius Potitus Volusus.
409 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus (second time).
409 BC - Three of the elected quaestors are plebeians.
408 BC - The military tribunes are G. Julius Iullus, P. Cornelius Cossus and G. Servilius Ahala.
407 BC - The military tribunes are L. Furius Medullinus, C. Valerius Potitus, Gn. Fabius Vibulanus and G. Servilius Ahala.
406 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, Gn. Fabius Ambustus and L. Valerius Potitus.
406 BC - The city of Anxur is captured by the Romans after it is laid siege to.
405 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus, G. Julius Iullus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, L. Furius Medullinus and M' Aemilius Mamercinus.
405 - 396 BC - Siege of Veii. Town finally captured and destroyed by M. Furius Camillus.
404 BC - The military tribunes are G. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Man. Sergius Fidenas, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, K. Fabius Ambustus and Nautius Rutilus.
403 BC - The military tribunes are Man. Aemilius Mamercus, L. Valerius Potitus, Ap. Claudius Crassus Ingregillensis, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Julius Iullus, M. Furius Fusus, M. Postumius, M. Furius Camillus and M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
402 BC - The military tribunes are G. Servilius Ahala, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus and Man. Sergius Fidenas.
401 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Potitus, M. Furius Camillus, Man. Aemilius Mamercus, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, K. Fabius Ambustus and L. Julius Iullus.
400 BC - The military tribunes are P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Manlius Vulso, L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, Sp. Furius Medullinus and L. Publilius Philo Vulscus.
399 BC - The military tribunes are L. Atilius Priscus, M. Pomponius Rufus, G. Duilius Longus, M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus and Volerius Publilius Philo.
399? BC - Death of the Greek philosopher Socrates, who is forced to commit suicide by drinking Hemlock.
398 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Potitus, M. Valerius Maximus, M. Furius Camillus, L. Furius Medullinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.
397 BC - The military tribunes are L. Julius Iullus, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Sergius Fidenas, A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, P. Cornelius Maluginensis and A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus.
396 BC - The military tribunes are L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, P. Manlius Vulso, Gn. Genucius Augurinus and L. Atilius Priscus.
396 BC - The town of Melpum falls to the marauding Insubres, and became their chief settlement.
396 BC - Pay is introduced for Roman soldiers for the first time.
396 BC - The Roman general and military tribune captures the city of Veii after ten years by digging a tunnel under the city.
395 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Cossus, P. Cornelius Scipio, K. Fabius Ambustus, L. Furius Medullinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus.
394 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, L. Furius Medullinus, G. Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Valerius Publicola, Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis and P. Cornelius Cossus.
394 BC - The Falerii surrender unconditionally to the Romans under M. Furius Camillus after he returns a traitor who tried to give him the children of the city's officials.
393 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus (first time) and Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis.
392 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus (second time) and M. Manlius Capitolinus.
391 BC - The military tribunes are L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, M. Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Furius Medullinus, Agrippa Furius Fusus and G. Aemilius Mamercinus.
391 BC - The Roman general, M. Camillus Furius, is charged with taking the booty from Veii for himself, is found guilty, and banished to Ardea.
390 BC - The military tribunes are Q. Fabius Ambustus, K. Fabius Ambustus, Num. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Sulpicius Longus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and P. Cornelius Maluginensis.
390 BC - Disaster of Allia. The Roman army under the command of the military tribunes Q. Servius Fidenas, Q. Sulpicius and P. Cornelius Maluginensis are defeated by the Gauls, led by King Brennus.
390 BC - Gauls occupy city of Rome and begin to sack and burn everything except capitol. Siege for 7 months, before the invaders are bought off.
390 BC - T. Manlius, while fighting a Gaul, took his necklace and was called Torquatus from that point on.
389 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, L. Verginius Tricostus, P. Cornelius, A. Manlius, L. Aemilius Mamercus and L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
388 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Julius Iullus, L. Aquilius Corvus, L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus and Ser. Sulpicius Rufus.
388 BC - The Aequi are defeated by the Romans at a battle near Bola.
387 BC - The military tribunes are L. Papirius Cursor, Gn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, L. Aemilius Mamercus, Licinius Menenius Lanatus and L. Valerius Publicola.
386 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Horatius Pulvillus and P. Valerius Potitus Publicola.
386 BC - The combined Italian tribes, the Latins, Volscii, and Hernici are defeated by the Romans.
385 BC - The military tribunes are A. Manlius, P. Cornelius, T. Quinctius Capitolinus, L. Quinctius Capitolinus and L. Papirius Cursor.
384 BC - The military tribunes are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, G. Papirius Crassus and T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus.
383 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, A. Manlius, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus, L. Aemilius Mamercus and M. Trebonius.
382 BC - The military tribunes are Sp. Papirius Crassus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, G. Sulpicius Camerinus and L. Aemilius Mamercus.
381 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, A. Postumius Regillensis, L. Postumius Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus and M. Fabius Ambustus
381 BC - The district of Tusculum is pacified after a revolt against Rome, and it is incorporated as Roman land.
380 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, G. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemelius Mamercus, Gn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, Ti. Papirius Crassus and L. Papirius Mugillanus.
379 BC - The military tribunes are P. Manlius Capitolinus, G. Manlius, L. Julius Iullus, G. Sextilius, M. Albinius, L. Antistius, P. Trebonius and G. Erenucius.
378 BC - The military tribunes are Sp. Furius, Q. Servillius Fidenas, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, P. Cloelius Siculus, M. Horatius and L. Geganius Macerinus.
378 BC - Construction of the Servian Wall, surrounding Rome for ten kilometers.
377 BC - The military tribunes are L. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, G. Veturius, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and G. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
377 BC - The Latins are defeated after the capture of the city of Satricum.
376 BC - The military tribunes are L. Papirius, Licinius Menenius Lanatus and Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis.
375 BC - No curule magistrates are elected for this year.
374 BC - The sole consul is G. Licinius Stolo.
373 BC - The sole consul is L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus.
371 BC - The sole consul is Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus.
370 BC - The military tribunes are L. Furius Medullinus, A. Manlius Capitolinus, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola and G. Valerius Potitus.
369 BC - The military tribunes are Q. Servilius Fidenas, G. Veturius, A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Ambustus.
368 BC - The military tribunes are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Sp. Servilius Structus, L. Papirius Crassus and L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus.
367 BC - The military tribunes are A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, M. Geganius Macerinus, P. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus and P. Valerius Potitus Publicola.
367 BC - M. Camillus Furius becomes dictator an unprecedented fifth time, and in a battle near the city of Alba Longa, he defeats an army of Gauls.
367 BC - The position of military tribune is reverted back to the consulship under the Sextian - Licinian laws.
367 BC - Consulship opened to all plebeians.
367 BC - The amount of public land any man might hold is limited to 500 iugera (300 acres) under a law passed by two tribunes of the plebs, G. Licinius Stolo and L. Sextius.
367 BC - The Temple of Concord is built in Rome.
366 BC - The first plebeian, L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus, is elected consul, as is L. Aemilius Mamercus (first time).
366 BC - A new administrative position is added to the cursus honorum, the praetor. A man must attain the praetorship before becoming a consul.
366 BC - Creation of the office of curule aedile, held by two patricians.
366 BC - The introduction of the ludi Romani games.
365 BC - The consuls are L. Genucius Aventinensis and Q. Servilius Ahala (first time).
365 BC - M. Furius Camillus dies of the plague.
364 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus and G. Licinius Stolo (first time).
363 BC - The consuls are Gn. Genucius Aventinensis and L. Aemilius Mamercus (second time).
362 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Ahala (second time) and L. Genucius Aventinensis.
362 BC - A Roman senator, Mettius Curtius, leaps into a chasm opened up in the Forum by an earthquake, which prophets declared could only be filled by throwing in the most valuable treasure in Rome's possession.
361 BC - The consuls are G. Licinius Stolo (second time) and G. Sulpicius Peticus.
361 BC - A Roman army captures the city of Ferentinum.
360 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (first time) and G. Poetelius Libo Balbus.
360 BC - Aerarium sanctius (special emergency fund) set up in the temples of Rome.
360 BC - War with cities of Tibur, Praeneste, and the tribe Hernici.
359 BC - The consuls are M. Popillius Laenas and Gn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus (first time).
359 BC - The town of Tarquinii revolts against Roman rule.
358 BC - The consuls are G. Fabius Ambustus and G. Plautius Proculus.
358 BC - The tribe of the Hernici are allowed to become allies of Rome again, despite their declaring war against Rome.
357 BC - The consuls are G. Marcius Rutilus and Gn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus.
357 BC - The Romans institute the first tax on the manumission of slaves, setting it at 5%.
357 BC - A Gallic raid on the territory of Latium occurs.
357 BC - The town of Falerii revolts against Rome.
357 BC - The rate of interest on borrowing money is fixed.
356 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (second time) and M. Popillius Laenas.
356 BC - The first plebeian dictator is appointed.
355 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus and M. Valerius Publicola.
354 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (third time) and T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus (first time).
354 BC - Samnites sign a treaty of alliance with Rome.
353 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus (first time) and M. Valerius Publicola.
352 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola and G. Marcius Rutilus.
352 BC - The tomb of King Mausolus of Caria, known as the Mausoleum, is built to house the remains of the dead King.
351 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus (second time) and T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus (second time).
351 BC - The revolts in the towns of Falerii and Tarquinii are crushed, and they are given renewed treaties with Rome.
351 BC - The office of censor is opened to the plebeians.
350 BC - The consuls are M. Popillius Laenas and L. Cornelius Scipio.
- L. Furius Camillus is dictator. The magister equitum is P. Cornelius Scipio.
349 BC - The consuls originally are L. Furius Camillus and Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, then M. Aemelius and T. Quinctius.
- T. Manlius Torquatus Imperiosus is dictator. The magister equitum is A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
348 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus (first time) and M. Popillius Laenas.
347 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Venno and T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (first time).
347 BC - Death of the great Greek philosopher Plato.
346 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus (second time) and G. Poetelius Libo Visolus.
346 BC - The Romans defeat the cities of Antium and Satricum.
345 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Dorsuo and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus.
345 BC - L. Furius Camillus is dictator. The magister equitum is Q. Fabius Ambustus.
344 BC - The consuls are G. Marcius Rutilus & T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (second time).
? P. Valerius Poplicola is dictator. The magister equitum is Q. Fabius Ambustus.
343 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus and A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
343 BC - Rome signs an alliance with the city of Falerii.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) Start of the First Samnite War after the Romans renounce their treaty with the Samnites.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) The consul A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina defeats a Samnite army in battle at Saticula.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) The Campanian city of Capua appeals to Rome for help from Samnite attacks. A Roman army expels the Samnites and occupies Capua.
343 BC - The Latins attack the city of Paeligni.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) M. Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites in battle at Mt. Gaurus & Suessula.
342 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Ahala and G. Marcius Rutilus.
- M. Valerius Corvus is dictator. The magister equitum is L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas.
342 BC - (First Samnite War) A mutiny occurs amongst the Roman army, jeopardizing their territorial gains into Samnite lands.
341 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Venno and L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas
341 BC - (First Samnite War) The consul L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas starts to campaign against the Samnites. This is the climax of the war.
341 BC - (First Samnite War) End Samnite War. Peace treaty signed with Rome to enable the Samnites to fight against their neighbors Tarentum.
341 BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, on the Greek island of Samos.
340 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (third time) and P. Decius Mus.
- L. Papirius Crassus is dictator. The magister equitum is L. Papirius Cursor.
340 BC - Start Great Latin War.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeats a Latin army at Veseris, in which the flagging army is saved when P. Decius Mus sacrifices his life to rally the troops.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeats a combined army of Latins, Volsci and Auruncii at Trifanum.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) Battle of Suessa Aurunca, in which the Romans defeated collected contingents of Campanians and Latins.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) After the defeat of the combined army, the Romans offered very favorable terms to the Campanians and succeeded in removing the Campanians from the coalition with the Latins.
339 BC - The consuls are Ti. Aemilius Mamercus and Q. Publilius Philo.
- Q. Publilius Philo is dictator. The magister equitum is D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
339 BC - The plebeian consul Q. Publilius Philo named as dictator, and passes law that one of the censors must be a plebeian.
339 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul Ti. Aemilius Mamercus campaigns against Tibur, Praeneste, Velitrae and Pedum.
339 BC - A lex Publilia is passed, which cancels the rights of Patricians to veto procedures and acts in the Comitia Tributa.
338 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Camillus and G. Maenius Nepos.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul L. Camillus Furius is victorious over Pedum and Tibur.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul G. Maenius Nepos is victorious over Lavinium and Velitrae.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) Battle of Antium. The city was attacked and taken from its Volscian owners.
338 BC - End of the Great Latin War.
338 BC - The Latin League is dissolved by the Romans. The cities of Lanuvium, Pedum and Tusculum receive full citizenship. The cities of Formiae, Cumae and Capua receive half-citzenships, called Latin Rights.
338 BC - Campania is incorporated as a part of the growing nation of Rome.
338 BC - The rostra, or speaking platform, is created by G. Maenius, and it derives its name from the ships beaks hanging from it, which are trophies of naval victories.
337 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Longus and P. Aelius Paetus.
- G. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis is dictator. The magister equitum is G. Claudius Hortator.
337 BC - Office of praetor opened to plebeians.
337 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and K. Duillius.
336 BC - The Romans capture the town of Teanum Sidicinum. The town submits to the offer of an alliance with Rome.
335 BC - The consuls are M. Atilius Regulus Calenus and M. Valerius Corvus.
334 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus and T. Veturius Calvinus.
333 BC - The consuls are replaced for the year by the dictator P. Cornelius Rufinus and the magister equitum M. Antonius.
332 BC - The consuls are Gn. Domitius Calvinus and A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
332 BC - Creation of two new tribes at Rome, Maecia and Scaptia.
332 BC - Rome signs a treaty with the city of Tarentum.
331 BC - The consuls are G. Valerius Potitus and M. Claudius Marcellus.
331 BC - Treaty of Senones with Rome.
330 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and L. Plautius Venox.
330 BC - The Achaemenid dynasty of Persia is brought to an end by Alexander the Great.
329 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas and C. Plautius Decianus.
329 BC - The Circus Maximus is completed in Rome. It is the major hippodrome in Rome until the end of the Empire.
329 BC - A Roman colony is founded at Tarracina.
328 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Decianus and P. Cornelius Scapula Scipio Barbatus.
328 BC - A Latin colony is founded, named Fregellae.
328 BC - Expulsion of Volscians from the Liris Valley.
327 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus and Q. Publilius Philo.
327 BC - Start of Second Samnite War.
326 BC - The consuls are G. Poetelius Libo Visolus and L. Papirius Cursor.
326 BC - The development of extended governorships occurred (prorogatio imperii, meaning the extension of a governor's imperium, or authority), and the terms pro consule and pro praetore came into existence.
326 BC - The Romans enter into an alliance with the cities of Neapolis, Nuceria and the tribe of the Apulians.
325 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Camillus and D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
325 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman army appears for the first time on the Adriatic coast. During this, they won over the tribes of the Marsi and Paeligni, and reduced the tribe of the Vestini on the Adriatic coast.
324 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator L. Papirius Cursor and the magister equitum Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
323 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Longus and Q. Aulius Cerretanus.
322 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus and L. Fulvius Curvus.
321 BC - The consuls are T. Veturius Calvinus and Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus.
321 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Caudine Forks disaster occurs, when the Samnites defeated an army of 20,000 men, and made the survivors 'Pass under the yoke' The Romans were then forced to sign a treaty with the Samnites. The Romans are forced to surrender Fregellae to the Samnites. The consuls retire from office, and offer to hand themselves over to the Samnites, but the Samnite leader Gavius Pontius refuses to take them.
320 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Publilius Philo.
319 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Aulius Cerretanus.
319 BC - Birth of King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
318 BC - The consuls are M. Folius Flaccinator and L. Plautius Venno.
318 BC - Creation of two new tribes, Falernia and Oufentina, created in southern Campania.
317 BC - The consuls are G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus and Q. Aemilius Barbula.
316 BC - The consuls are Sp. Nautius Rutilus and M. Popillius Laenas.
316 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Romans break their treaty with the Samnites.
315 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Publilius Philo.
315 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Samnite army achieves a victory at Laetulae over the Roman general and dictator Q. Fabius Rullianus.
314 BC - The consuls are M. Poetelius Libo and G. Sulpicius Longus.
314 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman army enters Samnite territory and drives the Samnites from the city of Tarracina. This forces the Capuans to sign a treaty after having defected from the Romans.
314 BC - (Second Samnite War) Capture of the Samnite stronghold of Luceria, which they razed to the ground.
313 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus.
313 BC - (Second Samnite War) Fregellae is recaptured by the Romans, and the town of Sora is also captured.
312 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corrinus and P. Decius Mus.
312 BC - Appius Claudius Caecus is elected as censor and institutes many public building schemes.
312 BC - Construction of the first aqueduct, the Aqua Appia, and the first major road, the Via Appia, which connected Rome with southern Italy.
312 BC - The number of rural tribes in Rome is raised to twenty-seven.
311 BC - The consuls are G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus and Q. Aemilius Barbula.
311 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Etruscans are induced into a total mobilization against the Romans by the Samnites.
311 BC - A board to organize the Roman fleets, the duoviri navales, is established.
310 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus and G. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus.
310 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Romans advance into Etruria and defeated the Etruscans at a battle near Lake Vadimo, under the general Fabius Rullianus.
310 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman plan to land a naval raid near Pompeii is unsuccessful.
310 BC - A peace treaty is signed with Cortona and Arretium.
309 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator L. Papirius Cursor and the magister equitum G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus.
308 BC - The consuls are P. Decius Mus and Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
307 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caecus and L. Volumnius Flamma Violens.
307 BC - The Italian tribe, the Hernici, revolt against Rome and break their previous treaty with Rome.
307 BC - Pyrrhus is hailed as King of Epirus.
305 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus and Ti. Minucius Augurinus.
304 BC - The consuls are P. Sempronius Sophus and P. Sulpicius Saverrio.
304 BC - End of Second Samnite War.
304 BC - The Romans defeat the Aequi.
304 BC - Alliances with Rome are made by the Marsi, Paeglini, Marrucini, and Frentani.
303 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Lentulus and L. Genucius Aventinensis.
303 BC - The Latin colony of Sora is established in Samnite territory to guard the Liris valley.
303 BC - The Latin colony of Alba Fucens is established.
302 BC - The consuls are M. Livius Denter and M. Aemilius Paullus.
301 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator M. Valerius Maximus Corvus and the masters of the horse Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianusis and M. Aemilius Paullus.
300 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (fifth time) and Quintus Appuleius Pansa.
300 BC - A lex Ogulnia is passed, which states that half of the members of Rome's priestly colleges must be plebeian.
300 BC - A lex Valeria passed by a tribune of the plebs granted the legal right to appeal against any capital sentence passed on a Roman citizen.
299 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus and M. Fulvius Paetinus
299 BC - Two new tribes, Aniensis and Terentina, are created.
299 BC - The Romans capture the territory of Narnia.
298 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Gn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus
298 BC - An alliance is formed with the Picentes.
298 BC - A marauding band of Gauls make a sporadic raid into Roman territory.
298 BC - Founding of the Latin rights colony of Carseoli.
298 BC - Start Third Samnite War.
298 BC - (Third Samnite War) A Roman army under the general L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus drives the Samnites out of Lucanian territory.
298 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans capture the Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus and Aufidena.
297 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus (fourth time) and P. Decius Mus (third time).
296 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caecus (second time) and Lucius Volumnius (first time).
295 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus (fifth time) and P. Decius Mus (fourth time).
295 BC - (Third Samnite War) Battle of Camerinum, in which Scipio Barbatus suffered a crushing defeat by a combined army of Gauls and Samnites.
295 BC - (Third Samnite War) Battle of Sentinum, in which the plebeian consul was killed while trying to rally his failing troops. The battle ended with the defeat of the Samnites, their coalition allies the Senones and the death of their leader Gellius Egnatius.
294 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus (second time) and M. Atilius Regulus.
294 BC - (Third Samnite War) A Roman army is beaten by the Samnites at the battle of Luceria.
294 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Etruscans quickly make peace with Rome after the Samnite defeat.
293 BC - The consuls are Sp. Carvilius Maximus (first time) and L. Papirius Carbo (first time).
293 BC - The cult of Aesculapius is introduced into Rome.
293 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans achieve a victory over the Samnite forces at the battle of Aquilonia.
292 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (first time) and D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
292 BC - (Third Samnite War) The rebellious city of Falerii is reduced by the Romans.
291 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus (third time) and G. Junius Brutus Bubulcus (first time).
291 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans storm the Samnite city of Venusia.
291 BC - The founding of the colony of Venusia on the Lucanian border.
290 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Rufinus (first time) and Man. Curius Dentatus (first time).
290 BC - End of the Third Samnite War.
290 BC - The Sabines are conquered by Man. Curius Dentatus.
290 BC - Establishment of the triumviri capitales (police officers) occurs in Rome.
290 BC - The Sabines are granted full Roman citizenship.
290 BC - The construction on the Great Library of Alexandria is completed and the structure is dedicated in Egypt.
289 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus (second time) and Q. Caedicius Noctua.
289 BC - Introduction of the triumviri monetales (official mint supervisors) to control the minting of money.
288 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Arvina (second time) and Q. Marcius Tremulus (second time).
288 BC - The city of Messana on the island of Syracuse is taken control of by a group of Campanian mercenaries known as 'Mamertines', or sons of Mars.
287 BC - The consuls are M. Claudius Marcellus and G. Nautius Rutilus.
287 BC - Last secession of the plebs. Plebian dictator Q. Hortensius is appointed, and passes the lex Hortensia, which gives plebiscites power at law.
286 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus (third time) and G. Aelius Paetus.
285 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and G. Claudius Canina (first time).
284 BC - The consuls are G. Servilius Tucca and L. Caecilius Metellus Denter.
284 BC - The Gaullic Senones renew their incursions into Roman territory and lay siege to the city of Arretium, defeating the army of the consul L. Caecilius Metellus, who was killed during the fighting.
284 BC - Birth of the Roman playwright Livius Andronicus, in the city of Tarentum, in Magna Graecia.
284 BC - The Gallic raiders are forcibly ejected from the ager Gallicus by the Romans.
284 BC - Founding of a Roman colony at Sena.
283 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Dolabella and Gn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus.
283 BC - A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the tribe known as the Boii at the battle of Lake Vadimo.
282 BC - Q. Aemilius Papus (first time) and G. Fabricius Luscinus (first time).
282 BC - Start Pyrrhic Wars with King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
282 BC - Roman forces are sent to garrison the cities of Thurii, Rhegium and Locri.
282 BC - A Roman fleet is surprised by an attack by Tarentine naval vessels.
282? BC - Supposed date of the completion of the wonder of the world, the Colossus of Rhodes.
281 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Barbula and Q. Marcius Phillipus.
280 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Laevinus and Ti. Coruncanius.
280 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Gn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus.
280 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Battle of Heraclea, in which Pyrrhus defeats a Roman force under the command of P. Valerius Laevinus, but suffers heavy losses.
280 BC - The Great Lighthouse is built on the island of Pharos in the harbor of Alexandria by King Ptolemy II in Egypt.
279 BC - The consuls are P. Sulpicius Saverrio and P. Decius Mus.
279 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Battle of Asculum, in Apulia. Pyrrhus defeats another Roman army under the command of G. Fabricius Luscinus, but again suffers heavy casualties. The actual outcome of the battle is indecisive.
279 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Carthage enters into a military alliance pact with the Romans against King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
278 BC - The consuls are Q. Aemilius Papus (second time) and G. Fabricius Luscinus (second time).
278 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus leaves Italy in hopes of newer conquests in Sicily.
278 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus of Epirus overruns most of Punic Sicily, except for the city of Lilybaeum.
277 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Rufinus (second time) and G. Junius Brutus Bubulcus (second time).
276 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (second time) and G. Genucius Clepsina (first time).
276 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus returns to the Italian peninsula.
275 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Man. Curius Dentatus (second time).
275 BC - The censors are Q. Aemilius Papus and G. Fabricius Luscinus.
275 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus of Epirus suffers heavy losses against a Roman army near the town of Beneventum, and is finally defeated by the Roman general Man. Curius Dentatus.
275 BC - Birth of the future Roman general and statesman Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator.
274 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Merenda and Man. Curius Dentatus (third time).
273 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Canina (second time) and G. Fabius Licinius.
273 BC - Rome enters into a treaty, which did not actually achieve anything beyond contact, between the Roman people and King Ptolemy II of Egypt.
272 BC - The consuls are Sp. Carvilius Maximus (second time) and L. Papirius Cursor (second time).
272 BC - The censors are L. Papirius Praetextatus and Man. Curius Dentatus.
272 BC - Some cities of Magna Grecia, like the cities of Velia, Heraclea, Thurii and Metapontum, are enlisted as allies of Rome.
272 BC - The Romans capture the city of Tarentum.
272 BC - End of the Pyrrhic Wars.
272 BC - The aqueduct Aqua Anio Vetus is completed.
272 BC - Death of King Pyrrhus of Epirus, in Argos, Argolis. He is killed when he was hit in the head by a roof tile.
272 BC - The Romans complete the subjugation of the Samnites, Lucanians and Bruttians.
271 BC - The consuls are L. Genucius Clepsina and Caeso Quinctius Claudius.
270 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Blasio and G. Genucius Clepsina (second time).
270 BC - The city of Rhegium is recaptured after it was seized by a garrison of Campanian troops.
270 BC - Death of the Greek philosopher Epicurus.
270 BC - Birth of the Roman poet Gn. Naevius, in Capua, Campania, Italy.
270? BC - Birth of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca.
270 BC - Death of the Roman senator and general Man. Curius Dentatus.
269 BC - The consuls are G. Fabius Pictor and Q. Ogulnius Gallus.
269 BC - The censors are L. Aemilius Barbula and Q. Marcius Philippus.
269 BC - The Picentes revolt against Rome.
269 BC - The Roman system of coinage is established, with the first silver coins appearing bearing pictures of Hercules and the wolf feeding Romulus and Rhemus.
268 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Russus and P. Sempronius Sophus.
268 BC - The Picentes are reduced o submission by the Romans.
268 BC - Founding of the Latin colony of Ariminum to secure the ager Gallicus.
268 BC - The rebel Picentes are defeated and given a half citizenship. Only the city of Asculum Picenum received a treaty of alliance.
268 BC - The Sabines finally receive the full elevation to Roman citizenship.
267 BC - The consuls are L. Julius Libo and M. Atilius Regulus.
267 BC - The Romans capture the city of Brundisium, which originally belonged to a tribe known as the Sallentini. This is important, as Brundisium then becomes and important port for purposes, as well as for later campaigns in the Mediterranean regions.
266 BC - The consuls are Num. Fabius Pictor and D. Junius Pera.
266 BC - The Romans accept the requests from Apulia and Messapia for alliances, and they become part of the Roman alliance network.
266 BC - The Romans complete the subjugation of the entire Italian peninsula.
265 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (third time) and L. Mamilius Vitulus.
265 BC - The censors are Gn. Cornelius Blasio and G. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus.
264 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caudex and M. Fulvius Flaccus.
264 BC - An alliance between the Romans and a group of mercenaries called 'Mamertines' is signed.
264 BC - (First Punic War) A Campanian mercenary town, Messana, had men in it known as "Mamertines", who called to Rome for help after being attacked by Carthage. Start of First Punic War.
264 BC - First recorded gladiator takes place in Rome for the funeral of a member of the Junius Brutus clan.
264 BC - The Ager Romanus now reaches 23,226 square kilometers.
263 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Messalla and Man. Otacilius Crassus (first time).
263 BC - (First Punic War) The consul Man. Valerius draws lines of siege around Syracuse. Although he did not succeed in the siege, he managed to pull Syracuse away from its alliance with the Carthaginians.
263 BC - (First Punic War) Heiro of Syracuse is enrolled as a friend and ally of the Roman people.
263 BC - Foundation of the Latin colony of Aesernia.
263 BC - The first sundial is brought to Rome from Sicily.
262 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus and Q. Mamilius Vitulus.
262 BC - (First Punic War) Siege of Agrigentum.
261 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and T. Otacilius Crassus.
260 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina (first time) and G. Dulius.
260 BC - (First Punic War) Battle of Mylae (Naval). 140 Roman ships using the corvi, which were grappling hooks on the ends of boards destroyed 130 Punic ships.
259 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio and G. Aquillius Florus.
258 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Paterculus and A. Atilius Caiatinus (first time).
258 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Scipio and G. Duilius.
258 BC - (First Punic War) The Roman fleet achieves a minor victory over the Carthaginians off the coast near the town of Sulci.
257 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Blaiso (second time) and G. Atilius Regulus (first time).
257 BC - (First Punic War) The Roman fleet achieves a minor victory over the Carthaginians near Tyndaris.
256 BC - The consuls L. Manlius Vulso (first time) and Q. Caedicius.
256 - 255 BC - An expeditionary force sent to Africa under M. Regulus ends in disaster.
256 BC - (First Punic War) Major victory won in battle at Cape Ecnomus for the Romans under Marcus Atilius Regulus, who use their fleet to destroy the Carthaginian fleet.
255 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Paullus and Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior.
255 BC - (First Punic War) Battle of Bagradas in Africa, in which the invading Roman army under M. Regulus was virtually destroyed by the Carthaginians under the mercenary leader Xanthippus, a Spartan.
255 BC - (First Punic War) A part of the Roman fleet is wrecked off the coast near Pachynus.
254 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina (second time) and A. Atilius Caiatinus (second time).
254 BC - (First Punic War) Capture of the city of Panormus.
254 BC - Birth of the Roman comedy playwright Plautus, in the town of Sarsina, Umbria, in Italy.
253 BC - The consuls are Gn. Servilius Caepio and G. Sempronius Blaesus (first time).
253 BC - The censors are L. Postumius and Decimus Junius Pera.
253 BC - First plebeian Pontifex Maximus.
253 BC - (First Punic War) A small Roman fleet is wrecked off the coast of Sicily near the town of Palinurus.
252 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Geminus (first time) and G. Aurelius Cotta (first time).
252 BC - The censors are Man. Valerius Maximus Messalla and P. Sempronius Sophus.
251 BC - The consuls are G. Furius Pacilus and L. Caecilius Metellus (first time).
250 BC - The consuls are L. Manlius Vulso (second time) and G. Atilius Regulus (second time).
250 BC - (First Punic War) A Carthaginian general tries to recover the city of Panormus, but his army is defeated, suffering heavy losses and loosing all of his elephants.
250 BC - (First Punic War) After breaking a promise to the Carthaginians that he would urge the Romans to accept the Carthaginian peace terms, M. Atilius Regulus returned to Carthage where he was killed by being rolled down a hill in a barrel filled with spikes.
250 BC - (First Punic War) Carthaginians destroy the town of Selinunte.
249 BC - The consuls are P. Claudius Pulcher and L. Junius Pullus.
249 BC - (First Punic War) Defeat of the Romans at Drepana under Appius Claudius Pulcher.
249 BC - (First Punic War) Another Roman fleet destroyed at a minor conflict under the consul Junius Pullus, near Cape Passaro. But some good comes of it, as Pullus seized the city of Eryx and the two main roads to the Carthaginian naval base of Drepana.
248 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Geminus (second time) and G. Aurelius Cotta (second time).
247 BC - The consuls are Num. Fabius Buteo and L. Caecilius Metellus (second time).
247 BC - The censors are A. Manlius Torquatus and A. Atilius Caiatinus.
247 BC - Birth of the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca.
247 BC - (First Punic War) The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca mounts successive raids on the Italian coast.
246 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Licinius and Man. Otacilius Crassus (second time).
245 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Buteo and G. Atilius Bulbus (first time).
244 BC - The consuls are A. Manlius Torquatus (first time) and G. Sempronius Blaesus (second time).
243 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Gallus and G. Fundanius Fundulus.
243 BC - (First Punic War) The Romans construct a new fleet from voluntary loans from her allies.
242 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albinus and Q. Lutatius Catalus.
242 BC - Introduction of a second praetor position. The first praetor was known as praetor urbanus and the second known as praetor peregrinus.
241 BC - The consuls are Q. Lutatius Cerco and A. Manlius Torquatus (second time).
241 BC - The censors are M. Fabius Buteo and G. Aurelius Cotta
241 BC - (First Punic War) Roman ships under the admiral Lutatius Catulus defeat Carthaginian ships off the Aegadian Isles. This marks the end of the War.
241 BC - Amount of tribes of Rome reaches 35.
241 BC - A Latin colony is founded at Spoletium.
240 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Centho and M. Sempronius Tuditanus.
240 BC - The Roman poet and writer Livius Andronicus produces the first Latin literature in Rome.
239 BC - The consuls are Q. Valerius Falto and G. Mamilius Turrinus.
239 BC - Birth of the writer Quintus Ennius, born at the town of Rudiae in Calabria.
238 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Falto and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
238 BC - Annexation of Sardinia and Corsica.
238 BC - Birth of King Phillip V of Macedon.
237 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus (first time).
236 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and G. Licinius Varus.
236 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Q. Lutatius Cerco.
236 BC - Birth of the Roman general P. Cornelius Scipio, later Africanus.
236 BC - New Gallic raids occur in the north of Italy.
236 BC - The Roman playwright Gn. Naevius has his first play produced.
235 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus (first time) and G. Atilius Bulbus (first time).
235 BC - Peace reigns. The doors of the temple of Janus are closed for the first time.

( Continues in the Atrium )