When discussing the art of seals, it certainly is helpful to have a general guideline of period from which context of the material can be understood. Here, I have outlined a very course definition of seal production to the Achaemenid period (normally defined as in and around 650-550 B.C. depending on where you\'re talking about...) This again is only meant as a general guide and not as a detailed map of the history of the region.

This is a working bibliography of references on Cylinder and Stamp Seals from the ANE. Please note this is not a complete bibliography, however it is a core listing of major references that are used often in my studies of cylinder and stamp seals.