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Timeline of Roman History ( part 4 of 5 )

(Part 4 of 5)

99 AD - Trajan enters Rome as Emperor. He enters on foot, embracing senators and mingling with the common people. He was the first emperor to do this.
99 AD - The Kushans send a delegation to Rome.
100 AD - The consuls are Pliny the Younger and ?.
100? AD - Introduction of a new type of sword, known as the pugio. Little is known of this except that it was shorter than 450mm long.
100? AD - Birth of the Roman writer Appian, in the city of Alexandria.
100 AD - The Roman writer, Pliny the Younger, completes his work the Panegyricus.
100 AD - The teacher, rhetorician and writer Quintillian dies.
101 AD - Start of the Dacian Wars under Trajan against King Decebalus.
101 AD - (Dacian Wars) A battle occurs at a place called Tibiscum. The fighting is hard, and both armies agree to a break after a while, but eventually the Dacians were defeated and forced to flee.
101 AD - Death of the historian Flavius Josephus.
102 AD - The Dacian Wars are brought to a halt by a peace treaty.
102 AD - The Roman writer Martial dies.
105 AD - The Dacian Wars are recommenced with fresh hostilities by the Dacian King Decebalus.
106 AD - Emperor Trajan captures the city of Petra.
106 AD - Annexation of the province of Arabia Petraea by Emperor Trajan.
107 AD - The kingdom of Dacia is annexed into the Roman Empire by the Emperor Trajan.
109 AD - The Roman writer Tacitus completes his book The Annales of Imperial Rome.
109 AD - The Roman writer Tacitus completes his book the Histories.
113 AD - Annexation of Armenia as a province by Emperor Trajan.
113 AD - Death of the Roman historian Pliny the Younger, in Bithynia.
113 AD - Trajan's column is built.
114 AD - The Arch of Trajan is completed in Beneventum. It is erected to commemorate his plans for the upkeep of the children of poor Italians.
114 AD - Death of Pliny the Younger.
115/16 AD - Conquest of the lands between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers by the Roman Emperor Trajan.
115 AD - Jewish revolts occur in Cyrene, leading to the deaths of 220,000. Other Jewish revolts also break out in Cyprus, leading to the deaths of 240,000 and in Egypt, where unknown thousands were killed.
116 AD - Emperor Trajan marches through Parthia, his journey ending with his capture of the Parthian capital Ctesiphon. For the first time, Roman soldiers bathe in the Persian Gulf.
116 AD - The Roman Empire reaches its greatest size, 3.5 million square miles, incorporating over 100 million people.
117 AD - A revolt occurs in the province of Judaea.
117 AD - Battle of Hatra, where Trajan and his army met a force of Jewish rebels and defeated them, but with unexpected casualties.
117 AD - Death of the Emperor Trajan, who died of an illness.
118 AD - Emperor Hadrian burns the state debts house, literally canceling all debts.
120 AD - The consuls are Antoninus Pius and ?.
120? AD - Death of the great Roman historian Tacitus.
121 AD - The Emperor Hadrian climbs up Mt. Etna, the sole reason being that he enjoyed it.
121 AD - Emperor Hadrian begins his tour of the Empire.
121 AD - Birth of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Rome.
122+ AD - Death of the Roman historian Suetonius.
122 AD - The construction of Hadrian's Wall is started in order to keep the marauding Scots and Picts from invading the established Roman Britain province. The wall stretches from the Tyne to the Solway.
123 AD - The Roman Pantheon is finally rebuilt by Hadrian.
122 AD - A Moorish revolt occurs in the Roman province of Mauretania.
125 AD - Emperor Hadrian returns to Rome for the first time since the beginning of his Empire tour in 121AD.
126 AD - The consuls are M. Annius Verus and C. Eggius Ambibulus Pomponius.
126 AD - Birth of the Emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax, in the town of Alba Pompeia Liguria.
127 AD - The consuls are M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus and T. Atilius Rufus Titianus.
127 AD - Death of the Roman poet Juvenal.
128 AD - The consuls are Nonius Torquatus Asprenas and M. Annius Libo.
129 AD - The consuls are P. Juventius Celsus and L. Neratius Marcellus.
129 AD - Emperor Hadrian calls a council of the eastern kings. They appoint vassals to protect their kingdoms.
130 AD - The consuls are Q. Fabius Catullinus and M. Flavius Aper.
130 AD - Emperor Hadrian founds the city of Antinoopolis.
131 AD - The consuls are Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus and M. Antonius Rufus.
132 AD - The consuls are G. Serius Augurinus and C. Trebius Sergianus.
132 AD - A Jewish revolt, the Simeon Bar-Kochba revolt, occurs.
133 AD - The consuls are M. Antonius Hiberus and P. Mummius Sisenna.
133 AD - Birth of the Emperor Julianus.
134 AD - The consuls are L. Julius Ursus Servianus and T. Vibius Varus.
134 AD - The Alani invade the Kingdom of the Parthians.
135 AD - The consuls are L. Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus and P. Calpurnius Attianus Atticus.
135 AD - The emperor Hadrian captures and razes the city of Jerusalem. He builds a new city, Aelia Captiolina, on the site and forbids Jews to live there. This is the expulsion of the Jews referred to in the bible.
135 AD - A newly built temple dedicated to Venus and Rome in Rome is inaugurated.
135 AD - Birth of the Emperor Pescennius Niger, in Italy.
135 AD - The Bar-Kochba revolt is suppressed, and ends with the death of over 500,000 rebels.
136 AD - The consuls are L. Aelius Caesar (first time) and Sex. Vettulenus Civica Pompeianus.
136 AD - The Emperor Hadrian puts to death his brother-in-law Julius Ursus Servianus, whom he believed was trying to make his grandson Gn. Pedianus Fuscus the new emperor.
137 AD - The consuls are L. Aelius Caesar (second term) and P. Coelius Balbinus Pius.
138 AD - The consuls are Kanus Junius Niger and G. Pomponius Camerinus.
138 AD - L. Ceionius Commodus, who is the appointed as successor to Hadrian, dies of Tuberculosis.
138 AD - Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his successor.
138 AD - Death of Emperor Hadrian, he died of natural causes.
138 AD - Accession of Antoninus Pius as the new emperor.
139 AD - The consuls are Antoninus Pius (first time) and G. Buttius Praesens.
139 AD - The British tribes known the Brigantes are defeated by Lollius Urbicus. He then removes many troops away from their station on Hadrian's Wall, which then leads the Brigantes to revolt again.
139 AD - The body of Hadrian is laid to rest in his mausoleum.
140 AD - The consuls are Antoninus Pius (second time) and M. Aurelius (first time)
140 AD - Death of the philosopher Epictus.
140 AD - Death of the satirist Juvenal.
140 AD - The pope dies, and is replaced as pope by Pius I.
140/141 AD? - The emperor Antoninus Pius institutes the Puellae Faustinianae, a charity foundation for daughters of the poorer people of Rome.
141 AD - The consuls are T. Hoenius Severus and M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus.
142 AD - The consuls are L. Cuspius Rufinus and L. Statius Quadratus
142 AD - Construction is completed on the Antonine Wall. This wall stretches from the Forth to the Clyde in Scotland, and is 36 miles long.
143 AD - The consuls are G. Bellicus Torquatus (first time) and Ti. Claudius.
144 AD - The consuls are L. Lollianus Avitus and T. Statilius Maximus.
145 AD - The consuls are Antoninus Pius (third time) and M. Aurelius (second time).
145 AD - Birth of the Emperor Albinus, in the town of Hadrumentum.
146 AD - The consuls are Sex. Erucius Clarus and Gn. Claudius Severus Arabianus.
146 AD - Birth of the future emperor L. Septimius Severus near Leptis Magna, in Africa.
147 AD - The consuls are L. Annius Largus and G. Praestina Pacatus Messallina.
148 AD - The consuls are G. Bellius Torquatus (second time) and P. Salvius Iulianus.
149 AD - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus and Q. Nonius Sosius Priscus.
150 AD - The consuls are M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus and Sex. Carminius Vetus.
150 AD - The Roman satirist, Apuleius, dies.
151 AD - The consuls are Sex. Quintilius Condianus and Sex. Quintilius Valerius Maximus.
152 AD - The consuls are Man. Acilius Glabrio and M. Valerius Homullus.
152 AD - The riots and risings in Mauretania are quelled and peace is restored to the Empire.
152 - 153 AD - Revolts occur in the province of Egypt after territorial expansions in that area.
153 AD - The consuls are C. Buttius Praesens and A. Iunius Rufinus.
154 AD - The consuls are L. Verus (first time) and T. Sextius Lateranus.
154 AD - The revolt of the Brigantes is finally crushed in brutal fashion by the new governor of Britain, Julius Verus.
155 AD - The consuls are G. Julius Severus and M. Junius Rufus Sabinianus.
155 AD - Birth of the historian Dio Cassius, in the city of Nicaea, in Bithynia.
156 AD - The consuls are M. Ceionius Silvanus and G. Serius Augurinus.
157 AD - The consuls are M. Ceionius Civica Barbatus and M. Metilius Aquillius Regulus.
158 AD - The consuls are Ser. Sulpicius Tertullus and Q. Tineius Sacerdos Clemens.
158 AD - Birth of the Emperor Gordian I.
159 AD - The consuls are Plautius Quintillus and M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus.
160 AD - The consuls are Ap. Annius Atilius Bradua and Ti. Clodius Vibius Varus.
161 AD - The consuls are M. Aurelius (third time) and L. Verus (second time).
161 AD - Death of the Emperor Antonius Pius.
161 AD - Marcus Aurelius is proclaimed as the new emperor.
161 AD - New wars break out in the empire. Calpurnius Agricola is sent as the new governor of Britain to deal with the outbreaks there, and Aufidius Victorinus is sent to deal with the invasion of the Germanic Chatti by breaching the Rhine borders and entering Germany.
161 AD - Birth of the Emperor Commodus.
162 AD - The consuls are Q. Junius Rusticus and L. Plautius Aquilinus.
162 AD - The Parthians invade the Roman province of Armenia.
163 AD - The consuls are M. Pontius Laelianus and A. Junius Pastor.
163 AD - The governor of Britain, Statius Priscus, is moved to Armenia, where he captures Artaxata.
164 AD - The consuls are M. Pompeius Macrinus and P. Juventius Celsus.
164 AD - Birth of the Emperor Macrinus, in the city of Caesarea.
164 AD - Birth of the Emperor Pupienus Maximus.
165 AD - The consuls are L. Arrius Pudens and M. Gavius Orfitus.
165 AD - The Roman general Avidius Cassius marches into Parthian territory, retaking Mesopotamia and marching deeper into enemy lands to capture the city of Seleucia.
165 - 166 AD - The Roman general Avidius Cassius invades Parthia after renewed outbreaks of fighting by the Parthians who had reoccupied the captured provinces. He attacks and lays siege to the cities of Ctesiphon and Seleucia, both of which are destroyed as a result.
165 - 167 AD - An outbreak of the plague occurs throughout the Roman Empire, spreading from the East to Italy and the West.
166 AD - The consuls are Q. Servilius Pudens and L. Fufidius Pollio.
166 AD - A Roman army marches into the Parthian satrapy of Media. This is the first Roman army to enter this region.
167 AD - The consuls are L. Verus (third time) and M. Ummidius Quadratus.
167 AD - The plague devastates Rome, killing an estimated tenth of the population.
168 AD - The consuls are L. Venuleius Apronianus and L. Sergius Pallus.
168 AD - The Marcommani suffer a defeat at the hands of a Roman army.
169 AD - The consuls are Q. Pompeius Priscus and P. Coelius Appolinaris.
169 AD - Death of L. Verus.
170 AD - The consuls are G. Erucius Clarus and M. Cornelius Cethegus.
170 AD - Marcomanic Wars, under the command of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
170 AD - The persecution of the Christians at Rome increases.
170 AD - Birth of the Emperor Balbinus.
170 AD - Death of the Roman writer Appian.
171 AD - The consuls are T. Statilius Severus and L. Alfidius Herennianus.
172 AD - The consuls are Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus and Quintillius Maximus.
172 AD - Birth of the Emperor Maximinus Thrax.
172 AD - An army of Egyptian shepards defeated the Romans in Egypt and almost captured Alexandria, before they were driven back by the general G. Avidius Cassius.
173 AD - The consuls are Gn. Claudius Severus and Ti. Claudius Pompeianus.
173 AD - (Marcomanic Wars) The Marcomani are almost totally annihilated by a Roman army under the command of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
174 AD - The consuls are L. Aurelius Gallus and Q. Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus.
174 AD - (Marcomanic Wars) Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his army defeat another Germanic tribe, the Quadi.
174 - 180 AD - Emperor Marcus Aurelius writes his work the Meditations.
175 AD - The consuls are L. Calpurnius Piso and P. Salvius Julianus.
175 AD - (Marcomanic Wars) Emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats the last of the major tribes in this war, the Iazyges.
175 AD - A revolt against Marcus Aurelius occurs under the governor of Syria, G. Avidius Cassius. Soldiers loyal to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius assassinated him before the revolt could begin.
176 AD - The consuls are T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio and M. Flavius Aper.
176 AD - (Marcomanic Wars) Commodus and Emperor Marcus Aurelius return to Rome to celebrate a joint triumph for their victories over the Marcomanic coalition.
177 AD - The consuls are Commodus (first time) and M. Plautius Quintillus.
177 AD - Commodus is made joint emperor with Marcus Aurelius.
177 AD - The Christians, later known as the Martyrs of Lyons, are persecuted by the provinces governors.
177 AD - The governor of Mauretania violently quells the revolts in that province, and defeats the bands of soldiers grouped together as a sort of freedom militia.
178 AD - The consuls are Ser. Scipio Orfitus and D. Velius Rufus.
178 AD - Emperor Marcus Aurelius cancels all debts.
178/80 AD - The end of the Marcomanic Wars under the command of Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his heir Commodus. But Marcus Aurelius is by this point suffering from chest pains and is known to be dying.
178 AD - The Germanic tribes living on the other side of the Danube begin to cause trouble. This is thought to be due to the tribal dislocation caused by the Marcomanic Wars.
178 AD - L. Septimius Severus is elected as praetor.
179 AD - The consuls for this year are unknown.
180 AD - The consuls are L. Fulvius and Sex. Quintilius Condianus.
180 AD - The bronze equestrian statue of Emperor Marcus Aurelius is completed.
180 AD - Death of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, who died from illness at Sirmium in Pannonia.
180 AD - The Ascension of Commodus as emperor. Commodus is insane, and thinks of himself as Hercules, and even carries around a club and wears a lion skin to emulate the mythical hero.
180 AD - The Dacians, Quadi, Iazyges and Vandals are finally pacified by the governors of the various Danube/Rhine provinces.
180 AD - The start of the decline of the Roman Empire.
181 AD - The consuls are Commodus (second time) and L. Antistius Burrus.
182 AD - The consuls are M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus and Q. Tineius Rufus.
182 AD - A plot against Commodus is uncovered when one of the conspirators, Pompeianus, approached Commodus with a sword, announcing "This dagger the Senate sends".
183 AD - The consuls are Commodus (third time) and G. Aufidius Victorinus.
183 AD - Lucillia, the sister of Emperor Commodus, plots to kill him. But the plot is uncovered.
184 AD - The consuls are L. Cossonius Eggius Marullus and Gn. Papirius Aelianus.
184 AD - In Britain, the Roman forces led by the governor Ulpius Marcellus lost the Antonine Wall against the raids of the Caledonians and Picts, but manage to regain it. This frontier is abandoned after revolts break out.
185 AD - The consuls are M. Cornelius Maternus and Ti. Claudius Bradua Atticus.
185 AD - Birth of the writer Origen, where is unknown. It is thought he was born in Alexandria.
186 AD - The consuls are Commodus (fourth time) and Man. Acilius Glabrio.
186 AD - A military revolt in Britain against the conditions under the rule of Commodus is forcibly crushed by the governor of Britain, P. Helvius Pertinax.
187 AD - The consuls are L. Bruttius Quintius Crispinus and L. Roscius Aelianus.
188 AD - The consuls are Seius Fuscianus and M. Servilius Silanus.
188 AD - Birth of the Emperor Caracalla.
188 AD - More military revolts break out in the provinces, this time in Germany.
189 AD - The consuls are Duilius Silanus and Q. Servilius Silanus.
189 AD - Birth of the Emperor Geta, who was born in Rome.
190 AD - The consuls are Commodus (fifth time) and M. Petronius Sura Septimianus.
190 AD - Birth of the Emperor Decius, who was born near the city of Sirmium.
190 AD - The prefect of the grain supply Papyrius Dionysius, concocts a grain shortage which leads to the death of the extremely powerful freedman and Praetorian Prefect M. Aurelius Cleander.
190 AD - Fresh revolts break out in Africa, but are quickly and harshly suppressed by P. Helvius Pertinax.
190 AD - Thanks in large part to the power and influence of the freedman Cleander, 25 men were appointed as consuls for the year (for a price).
191 AD - The consuls are Pedo Apronianus and M. Valerius Mauricius.
192 AD - The consuls are Commodus (sixth time) and Pertinax.
192 AD - Death of the Emperor Commodus, who was strangled in a bath by the wrestler Narcissus.
192 AD - Birth of the Emperor Gordian II.
192 AD - A disastrous fire breaks out in Rome, where the imperial archives are destroyed.
193 AD - The consuls are Q. Sosius Falco and C. Julius Erucius Clarus.
193 AD - P. Helvius Pertinax is hailed as the new emperor of Rome.
193 AD - Death of the Emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax, who was lynched by all of the Praetorian Guard after ruling for only 86 days.
193 AD - Emperor Julianus buys the position of emperor from the senate.
193 AD - Death of the Emperor Julianus, who was sentenced to death by the senate. He had only ruled for 66 days.
193 AD - Septimus Severus is proclaimed as emperor of Rome, as is Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. The reign of Septimus Severus can, unlike that claimed of Augustus, claim to be the first true military autocracy of Rome.
193 AD - Emperor Septimus Severus begins the siege of Byzantium against the forces of Pescennius Niger.
193 AD - Completion of the Column of Marcus Aurelius, in honor of his victories over the Marcomanni.
194 AD - The consuls are Septimus Severus and D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar.
194 AD - A battle takes place between the forces of Pescennius Niger and Septimus Severus near the city of Cyzicus.
194 AD - Another battle of the civil war between Pescennius Niger and Septimus Severus occurs near the city of Nicea.
194 AD - Septimus Severus annihilates the army of Pescennius Niger at the battle of Issus.
195 AD - The consuls are Scapula Tertullus Priscus and Tineius Clemens.
195 AD - Birth of the Emperor Valerian.
195 AD - Death of the Emperor Pescennius Niger, who was captured and killed by troops of Septimus Severus.
195 AD - The new Emperor Septimus Severus brings the Parthians and Adiabenians under Roman authority, but the campaign is unpopular, costing more than it brought back in spoils.
196 AD - The consuls are G. Domitius Dexter and L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea Paetus.
196 AD - The city of Byzantium is sacked by Emperor Septimus Severus after a long siege.
197 AD - The consuls are T. Sextius Lateranus and L. Cuspius Rufinus.
197 AD - Clodius Albinus marches against Emperor Septimus Severus, after Severus names his son Caracalla as heir. They meet at the battle of Lugdunum, at which it was said that both sides fielded enormous armies. The cavalry of Severus won the battle, and after two days of battle, Albinus's army is destroyed. As a punishment for its part in the battle, Lugdunum was sacked and burned by Severus's army.
197 AD - Death of the Emperor Albinus, who was found dead after a battle with Septimus Severus.
197/98 AD - Capture of the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon by Emperor Septimus Severus, who re-annexed the province of Mesopotamia which had previously been lost.
198 AD - The consuls are Gallus and Saturninus.
199 AD - The consuls are P. Cornelius Anullinus and M. Aufidius Fronto.
200 AD - The consuls are Ti. Claudius Severus Proculus and G. Aufidius Victorinus.
200 AD - There is a massive trade recession in the Mediterranean world.
200 AD - Birth of the Christian martyr Cyprian in Carthage.
200 AD - The future emperor G. Decius Quintus Trajanus is born at Budalia in Lower Pannonia.
203 AD - Completion of the Arch of Septimus Severus in the Roman Forum.
204 AD - Birth of the Emperor Philip the Arab, who was born in the region known as Trachonitis in Syria.
204 AD - The Christian writer Tertullian completes his work The Crown, in which he questions whether it was right for a Christian to participate in warfare.
205 BC - First consulship of the Roman historian Cassius Dio.
205 AD - Fall from favor of the emperor's favorite subject, the praetorian prefect Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, after he was suspected of plotting against Emperor Septimus Severus.
205 AD - Birth of the philosopher Plotinus in Asyut, Egypt. He was the founder of Neoplatonism.
207 AD - Birth of the Emperor Aemilian on the island Jerba in Africa.
208 AD - Birth of the Emperor Alexander Severus, in the city of Caesarea.
208 AD - Septimus Severus leaves Rome to campaign in Britain.
209 AD - Emperor Septimus Severus campaigns in Britain against the Caledonians, though he watched the battle from a litter, as he was said to be suffering from gout.
211 AD - Emperors Septimus Severus and Caracalla institute the first ban on abortion, which is made a crime by the parents. The punishment is a small fine and temporary exile.
211 AD - Death of the Emperor Geta, who was assassinated by centurions at the command of Caracalla.
212 AD - Caracalla is hailed as the sole ruler and emperor of the Roman Empire.
212 AD - The Emperor Caracalla passes the Constitutio Antoniniana, which grants the Roman citizenship to the entire population of the empire, excepting slaves.
213 AD - Birth of the Emperor Gallienus.
213 AD - The Emperor Septimus Severus begins his campaign against the Alemmani.
214 AD - Birth of the Emperor Aurelian, in the province of Lower Moesia.
214 AD - Birth of the Emperor Claudius II Gothicus, in the province of Illyricum.
215 AD - The Emperor Caracalla issues a new form of silver coinage, the Antoninianus.
216 AD - The Emperor Septimus Severus begins a campaign against the Parthians, in which the Romans rampage across Mesopotamia and trounce all opponents.
216 AD - The baths of Caracalla are completed in Rome.
216 AD - The Emperor Caracalla tricks the Osroene King Abgarus during a visit and captures him, in order to annex Osroene into the empire.
216 AD - The Emperor Caracalla makes concessions to the Jews, exempting them from taxes for the first time since Julius Caesar.
217 AD - Death of the Emperor Caracalla (Assassinated by Julius Martialis, an officer of the imperial bodyguard).
217 AD - Macrinus, the Praetorian Prefect under Caracalla, is hailed by the troops as the new emperor. He is the first emperor to be drawn out of the Roman Ordo Equester.
217 AD - Emperor Macrinus continues to campaign against the Parthians, but suffers several setbacks including a setback near the city of Nisibis.
217 AD - Callistus is elected as the new bishop of Rome, but his rival Hippolytus became a rival bishop. He is said to have been the first anti-pope.
218 AD - A battle occurs at Macrinus, where the Roman Emperor Macrinus brought to battle a pretender named Gannys. Macrinus and his forces emerged victorius.
218 AD - Death of the Emperor Macrinus, who was take to Antioch and executed.
218 AD - Elagabalus, nephew of Caracalla, is hailed as emperor after the defeat of the pretender Macrinus.
219 AD - Elagabalus arrives in Rome to let the senate ratify his claim to the throne.
220 AD - The Emperor Elagabalus announces that the Syrian sun god of whom he is priest, El Gabal, is the only true god.
222 AD - The Emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as the next in line for the succession.
222 AD - The Emperor Elagabalus is murdered while in a latrine, as is his mother Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard.
222 AD - Severus Alexander is hailed as the new emperor of Rome.
223 AD - The advisor to Emperor Alexander Severus, the jurist Domitius Ulpianus, is murdered by his own soldiery.
224 AD - Birth of the Emperor Carus, who was born in the city of Narbo in Gaul.
225 AD - Birth of the Emperor Gordian III.
226 AD - A Persian king, who is a vassal to the Parthians, named Ardashir I, rebels against the Parthians and defeats them at the battle of Hormuz. Thus was founded the Sassanid dynasty of Persians.
229 AD - Second consulship of the historian Cassius Dio.
230 AD - The new Persian dynasty sets out to reconquer its territories and to reclaim all of its original lands. It begins by besieging the city of Nisibis.
232 AD - Birth of the Emperor Probus, in the town of Sirmium.
232 AD - An army under the Emperor Alexander Severus launched a large attack on Armenia and Mesopotamia, occupied by the Persians.
232 AD - The offensive of Emperor Severus Alexander against the Persians fails.
233 AD - Emperor Alexander Severus begins to campaign against the Alemmani on the Rhine.
234 AD - The Pannonian troops proclaim Maximinus Thrax as the new emperor.
235 AD - Death of the Emperor Alexander Severus, who was killed when his troops mutinied near the town of Moguntiacum.
235 AD - This is the beginning of the period which was dominated by those who were brought to power on the strength of the military, known as soldier emperors.
235 AD - Maximinus Thrax is recognized by the senate as emperor.
235 AD - Maximinus Thrax begins to campaign against the Alemmani, and completes his campaign successfully.
235 AD - Death of the historian Dio Cassius.
236 - 237 AD - The Emperor Maximinus Thrax begins to campaign against the revived tribes of the Dacians and Sarmatians.
237 - 238 AD - The Persians invade the Roman province of Mesopotamia, capturing the cities of Nisibis and Carrhae.
238 AD - Year of six emperors.
238 AD - Death of the Emperor Balbinus, who was beaten and dragged naked through the streets of Rome before being killed by the Praetorians.
238 AD - Death of the Emperor Gordian I, who hanged himself.
238 AD - Death of the Emperor Gordian II, who was killed in battle.
238? AD - Death of the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, who was killed when his soldiers mutinied.
238 AD - Death of the Emperor Pupienus Maximus, who was killed when his bodyguard lynched him.
239 AD - A Gothic invasion of Lower Moesia is repelled by a governor under Emperor Gordian III.
240 AD - Birth of the Emperor Diocletian in the province of Dalmatia.
240 AD - A rebellion under the governor of Africa, Sabinianus, is put down near Carthage.
242 AD - Emperor Gordian III marches against the Persian invasion of the East, and relieves the city of Antioch from siege.
243 AD - A Persian occupation of the province of Syria is defeated by a general named Timesitheus.
244 AD - Death of the Emperor Gordian III, executed by Phillip the Arab.
244 AD - Emperor Phillip the Arab negotiates peace with the Persian invaders in order to deal with the troubles on the Rhine/Danube border.
245 AD - The Emperor Phillip the Arab sets out from Rome to campaign against Germanic tribes, and he secures peace from some tribes.
245 AD - The future emperor G. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus is born in Dalmatia.
247 AD - Philippus II is proclaimed emperor by the troops who were loyal to his father.
248 AD - Rome celebrates it's 1000th birthday.
248 AD - A rebellion under a Danube commander, Tiberius Claudius Marinus Pacatianus. While this is happening, the Goths take advantage and wreak large-scale destruction in the northern part of the empire.
248 AD - The Roman general G. Messius Quintus Decius is appointed as governor of Moesia and Pannonia.
248 AD - Decius defeats the invasion of the Goths and resettles Moesia and Pannonia.
248 AD - Cyprian becomes the bishop of Carthage.
249 AD - Decius is so successful in his campaigns that he is proclaimed emperor by his troops.
249 AD - Death of the Emperor Phillip the Arab, who was killed in a battle near Verona against Decius Trajanus.
249 AD - The Goths, under a King Kniva, renew their incursions into the Roman Empire.
250 AD - The emperor Decius Trajanus defeats an incursion through Dacia by King Kniva of the Carpi, a Gothic tribe.
250 AD - Birth of the Emperor Constantius Chlorus, who was born in Danubian region.
250? AD - Birth of the Emperor Carinus.
250? AD - Birth of the Emperor Galerius, near the town of Florentiana in Upper Moesia.
250 AD - Birth of the Emperor Licinius, in the province of Upper Moesia.
250? AD - Birth of the Emperor Maximian, at the city of Sirmium.
251 AD - A new soldier emperor, Herennius, claims the throne, backed by his army.
251 AD - A pretender to the throne, Julius Valens Licianus, is defeated and executed.
251 AD - Death of the Emperor Decius, who was killed in battle at Abricium against King Kniva of the Carpic Goths.
251 AD - Trebonius Gallus is proclaimed as emperor, but only for a short period, as he soon dies.
252 AD - On the northern borders of the empire, the Goths and other barbarians invade. On the eastern borders, the Persians take advantage of the momentary weakness to attack Mesopotamia.
253 AD - Aemilianus is proclaimed as emperor.
253 AD - Death of the Emperor Aemilian, whose troops stabbed him to death rather than face the army of Valerian.
253 AD - The general Valerian is proclaimed as emperor.
254 AD - The long quiet tribe of the Marcomani attack and invade the province of Pannonia, and raid the city of Ravenna.
254 AD - The Goths, under King Kniva, rampage, loot and sack the length of Thrace.
255 AD - Death of the writer Origen.
256 AD - The Franks, a Germanic tribe who were an amalgamation of the remnants of the Cherusci and Chatti, attack the border cities on the lower Rhine region and invade the majority of the province of Gaul.
256 AD - The Goths launch an attack on Asia Minor with a fleet.
257 AD - The Persians renew their invasions into Roman territory.
257 AD - Death of the bishop of Carthage, Cyprian.
259 AD - A Germanic tribe, the Juthungi (known today as the Jutes, and who were mostly the remainder of the Marcomani), crossed the Upper Danube and entered Italy.
260 AD - An army which is hastily assembled prevents the Jutes from marching on Rome. They move to Mediolanum (modern Milan) before turning around. They were then defeated there by the emperor, Gallienus.
260 AD - The Jutes are defeated again at the battle of Augsburg, in which many Italian prisoners are freed.
260 AD - The Emperor Valerian is taken captive by the Persian King Shapur I, and spends the rest of his life in captivity as a slave.
260 AD - The Persians invade the Roman Empire and sack the city of Antioch.
260 AD - A marauding tribe of Franks attack, capture and sack the city of Tarraco in Spain.
261 AD - A battle occurs in the Balkans region between the rival emperors M. Acilius Aureolus and F. Iunius Macrianus.
262 AD - A Palmyrian Prince under command of Emperor Gallienus, Odenathus, mobilises his forces against the Parthians and Armenians.
262 AD - The plague once again reaches Italy and Africa from the East.
267 AD - The Goths invade the province of Asia Minor.
267 AD - The Palmyrian prince, Odenathus, who had been named dux orientalis, or duke of the orient, is murdered.
267 AD - A nomadic tribe known as the Heruli invade Greece.
268 AD - An invasion occurs by the largest Gothic horde yet, and Gallienus, retreating before this, is deserted by his officers. The Goths raid and sack towns on their journeys, destroying a small portion of Greece and Thrace.
268 AD - Battle of Naissus, in which Gallienus defeated a larger Gothic horde.
268 AD - Slave revolts break out in Sicily.
268 AD - Death of the Emperor Gallienus, who is murdered by his Praetorian prefect and others, including Claudius II Gothicus.
268 AD - Battle of Lake Benacus, where the army under command of Emperor Claudius II Gothicus defeated the army of the pretender M. Acilius Aureolus.
268 AD - Battle of Mediolanum, in which Emperor Claudius II Gothicus defeated a force of the Germanic Alemanni.
269 AD - The new queen of Palmyra, Zenobia, revolts against Rome and attacks Roman territory.
269 AD - Emperor Claudius II Gothicus defeats the largest and most dangerous of the German invasions in the 3rd century at the battle of Naissus, with tactics to rival Scipio Africanus and Julius Caesar. He then marched quickly through the Balkans to intercept and demolish the greater part of the retreating army. The Germanic raiders were reduced to becoming allies of Rome.
269 - 270 AD - The defeat of the Germani came at a price. Emperor Claudius II Gothicus had to cede Spain to a new Gallo - Roman Empire.
270 AD - Death of the Emperor Claudius II Gothicus, who died of the plague.
270 AD - Birth of the Emperor Maximinus II Daia, who was born somewhere in the Danubian regions.
270 AD - Death of the philosopher Plotinus.
270 AD - Death of the Sassanid Persian King Shapur I.
270 AD - The Romans abandon the province of Dacia.
270 AD - The army of Zenobia invades Egypt and enters the city of Alexandria.
271 AD - The province of Dacia is lost forever to the Romans.
271 AD - The Emperor Aurelian builds a wall to protect Rome from attacks.
271 AD - Emperor Aurelian destroys the Gothic Chieftain Cannabas and 5,000 of his men in a small area north of the Danube.
271 AD - A battle occurs near Placentia, in which a combined Germanic invasion of the Alemanni, Marcomanni, and Juthungi defeat a Roman army under the command of the Emperor Aurelian.
271 - 272 AD - Revolts under a Septimus in Dalmatia, a Domitianus in southern Gaul and a Urbanus somewhere else in the empire.
271 AD - Battle of Immae, in which the main part of the Palmyrene army was destroyed by Aurelian.
271 - 273 AD - After the capture of the city of Emesa, the city of Palmyra surrendered. But a few months later, the city revolted under Zabdas and slaughtered the garrison stationed there. Emperor Aurelian reacted by marching back to Palmyra, capturing it and sacking and looting the city, and killing its inhabitants.
272 AD - Emperor Aurelian campaigns with his army along the Rhine river against the Carpi.
272 AD - Death of the successful Persian ruler Shapur I.
273 AD - The revolts brought about by the occupation of Alexandria by Zenobia are crushed by Emperor Aurelian.
273 AD - The territory lost to the breakaway Gallic Empire are re-annexed back into the Empire after a battle fought at Chalon-sur-Marne, in modern Belgium.
274 AD - Riots break out in the city of Lugdunum, which is suppressed by Aurelian.
274 AD - The Emperor Aurelian drives into Gaul and defeats the breakaway Gallic empire at the battle of Campi Catalaunii. He punishes the rebel soldiers by executing many, but he shows mercy to the usurper Tetricus.
274 AD - Emperor Aurelian defeats the incursions of the Franks and the Batavians, and drives them back across the Danube causing heavy casualties to the invaders.
274 AD - The emperor Aurelian moved and quickly contained an invasion by the Jutes.
274 AD - Birth of the future Christian emperor Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantius (Constantine the Great) in the city of Naissus in Upper Moesia.
275 AD - Death of the Emperor Aurelian, who was stabbed to death by a Praetorian named Mucapor, a Thracian, in the province of Thrace.
275 AD - A new emperor, Cornelius Tacitus, is asked to fill the vacant throne as emperor. He is 75 years old.
276 AD - Emperor Cornelius Tacitus dies in Rome. His successor, his brother Florian, is murdered.
276 AD - Ascension of Probus as the new Emperor of Rome.
277 AD - The Emperor Probus begins to campaign in Gaul, clearing the Goths and Germanic tribes from te province.
278 AD - The new ruler, Emperor Probus, campaigns in the province of Raetia and secures it. He then goes on to drive invading groups of Vandals from Illyricum.
278 AD - In order to check the brigantry and barbarism of the Isaurians, Emperor Probus builds forts to secure the province.
279 AD - Emperor Probus settles unrest in Asia Minor and the more recently acquired eastern provinces.
279 AD - Probus signs a peace treaty with the Persian King Vahram II.
279 AD - Birth of the Emperor Maxentius.
282 AD - Death of the Emperor Probus, who was murdered near Sirmium by his own troops.
282 AD - A new emperor, Carus, is proclaimed as ruler in Rome.
282 AD - An army under Emperor Carus marches against invading bands of Quadi and Sarmatians, and defeats them causing moderate losses of around 16,000 men.
282 AD - Invasion of Persia by the Emperor Carus.
283 AD - The emperor Carus invaded Mesopotamia, capturing Seleucia first and finally Ctesiphon.
283 AD - Death of the Emperor Carus, who was suspected to have been struck by lightning.
283 AD - New emperors are appointed for the empire. Carinus succeeds as the emperor in the West, and Numerian as the emperor in the East.
283 AD - The leader of the Praetorian Guard, a Danubian named Diocles, assumes the name Diocletian and the title of emperor in the East after he kills Numerian.
284 AD - This year marks the ascension of the Emperor Diocletian, and it also marks the end of the rulers known as the soldier emperors, finishing almost fifty years of constant turmoil and civil war.
284 AD - Year of four consuls. The consuls are Bassus (first time), Carinus (first time), Numerian, and Diocletian (first time).
284 AD - Diocletian is hailed as emperor of Rome by the senate, who are growing tired of the constant murders and civil wars.
284 AD - Emperor Diocletian introduces the Edict of Maximum Prices, which fixes wages for people and the price of goods. Diocletian also bans books on alchemy.
285 AD - The consuls are Aristobulus, Carinus (second time), and Diocletian (second time).
285 AD - Revolt of M. Aurelius Julianus, governor of Venetia. The emperor Carinus at a battle near Verona defeats him.
285 AD - Death of the Emperor Carinus, who was assassinated by his officers during the battle of Margus Valley in Moesia against Diocletian.
(From this point on, due to the tetrarchy of Diocletian, (where possible & upon emperor ascension only) the senior emperor will be referred to as Augustus, pl. Augusti, the junior as Caesar, pl. Caesarii).
286 AD - A fellow Danubian, Maximian, is made junior Augustus, with Diocletian senior Augustus, after Maximian defeats the Bagaudae, a group of rebels and discontented peasants, in Gaul.
286 AD - Revolt of Carausius, commander of the North Sea fleet.
286 AD - Emperor Maximian campaigns along the Rhine River, fighting against the Alemmani and Burgundians.
287 AD - The consuls are Diocletian (third time) and Maximian (first time).
288 AD - The sole consul is Ianuarianus.
289 AD - The consuls are Maximian (second time) and Bassus (second time).
289 AD - The pretender Carausius defeats Emperor Maximian in battle.
289 AD - Emperor Diocletian makes preparatory campaigns against the Sarmatians.
290 AD - Emperor Diocletian pushes the Saracens out of Syria and expands this province slightly.
292 AD - The Emperor Diocletian returns to complete the campaigns against the incursions of the Sarmatians.
293 AD - The emperor Diocletian creates the tetrarchy, or rule of four. There are two senior emperors, each using the title Augustus, and two junior emperors who use the title Caesar. The senior Augustus is Diocletian, the junior Augustus is Maximian. The senior Caesar is Galerius, the junior Caesar is Constantius Chlorus.
293 AD - The mainland base of Carausius at Gesoriacum (modern Boulogne) is captured by Constantius Chlorus.
293 AD - Carausius is killed in Britain by a pretender, named Allectus. He holds Britain as the new tyrant.
296 AD - Revolt in Egypt by Domitius Domitianus and Achilleus. Diocletian put it down.
296 AD - Emperor Galerius goes on an unsuccessful campaign against the Persians. During his campaign he is defeated and the province of Mesopotamia is lost.
296 AD - The Roman Britain province is restored to the Empire by Emperor Constantius Chlorus after the revolt of Carausius, who had named himself as emperor of Britain, and the usurpation of Allectus. Allectus was later defeated by a Roman force under command of Asclepiodotus in a battle near Silchester, and captured. Allectus was later executed by Constantius Chlorus.
296 AD - In a complete reversal, Emperor Galerius turns the tide of the war against Persia, defeating the king, Narses.
296 - 302 AD - Emperor Diocletian splits the provinces up in order to lessen the risk from provincial governors. The new provinces are called Dioceses and there are six in the East (Orient, Pontus, Asia, Thrace, Moesia, and Pannonia), and six in the West (Britain, Gaul, Vienne, Italy, Spain, and Africa). The governor of each Diocese is only allowed two legions.
297 AD - Emperor Diocletian publishes an edict proscribing a religious order known as the Manichaeans.
297 AD - Emperor Galerius takes the Persian royal family hostage, and is therefore able to negotiate for very favorable terms of surrender.
298 AD - Emperor Constantius Chlorus repels the incursions of the Alemmani.
298 AD - The Emperor Diocletian lays siege to Alexandria against a revolt led by Domitius Domitianus and Achilleus, which end after eight months and kills thousands of people.
298 AD - Emperor Maximian recaptures the lost portions of Africa and subdues the Moors.
298 AD - Emperor Galerius reconquers the province of Mesopotamia.
303 AD - The persecution of the Christians escalates, beginning at Nicomedia.
303 AD - Birth of the Emperor Magnentius, who was born in the town of Ambiani.
305 AD - Diocletian abdicates as one of the Augusti, as does the other Augusti, Maximian.
305 AD - Constantius Chlorus is elevated to the position of Augustus of the West. Galerius is made the Augustus in the East. The junior Caesar is Fl. Valerius Severus, and the senior Caesar is Maximinus Daia.
305 AD - The Emperor Constantius requests and is given his son Constantine and two legions to help Constantius in his campaigns in Britain.
306 AD - Death of the Emperor Constantius Chlorus in the city of Ebaracum (modern York), who died of an illness.
306 AD - The troops of Constantius Chlorus proclaim his son, Constantine, as the emperor of the West.
306 AD - Emperor Fl. Valerius Severus invades Italy.
307 AD - The Emperor Fl. Valerius Severus, having no real support other than among the Praetorians, appeals to his father Maximian for help.
307 AD - In response to his son's request, Maximian rounds up troops and drives Severus to Pannonia, where he was captured and killed by Emperor Constantine after a siege of the city of Ravenna. He was enticed to surrender by false promises by Maximianus. In recognition of the service he performed, Constantine recognized Maximian as the new Augustus.
307 AD - Marcellus is appointed as the new bishop of Rome.
308 AD - The Conference of Carnutum, a meeting of all of the Caesars and Augusti.
308 AD - To replace his dead Caesar, Severus, Galerius appoints Licinius as the new Caesar.
308 AD - The historian and Christian Eusebius is placed as the new bishop of Rome after the opposition to Marcellus forces him into exile.
310 AD - Death of the Emperor Maximian, who was found dead after the siege of Masillia by Constantine the Great.
311 AD - Final persecutions of the Christians begins in Rome.
311 AD - Publication of the Edict of Toleration by the Emperor Galerius.
311 AD - Death of the Emperor Galerius. He died of illness, when he was believed to have been about to abdicate. It is said that he believed that the Christian God as punishment for his cruelties to the Christians brought about his illness.
311 AD - Death of the Emperor Diocletian.
311 AD - A rebellion under a pretender in Africa is crushed.
312 AD - Constantine leads his army from Gaul and captures Turin, as well as the imperial seat in the city of Milan.
312 AD - Constantine lays siege to the city of Verona, which quickly capitulates. At this point, most of Italy begins to support Constantine.
312 AD - On the march to Rome, the Emperor Constantine claimed to have seen the sign of a cross of light, and the words "By this sign, conquer". It is at this point that many believe that Constantine converted to Christianity.
312 AD - Death of the Emperor Maxentius, who was drowned, when the Milvian Bridge collapsed during a battle with Constantine the Great.
312 AD - The Praetorian Guard, for the first time in Imperial times, is disbanded.
312 AD - Emperor Constantine the Great is converted to Christianity.
313 AD - Edict of Milan is signed by Emperor Constantine the Great and the Emperor Licinius
313 AD - The Emperor Licinius defeats the army of Emperor Maximinus II Daia.
313 AD - Death of the Emperor Maximinus II Daia, who died of a wasting illness.
314 AD - Persecution of the Donatist sect of Christians by Emperor Constantine the Great and the Christian council in Rome.
314 AD - A meeting of a council of the bishops of the Empire is held at Arles.
314 AD - Emperor Constantine the Great makes a series of small but victorious battles against the Emperor Licinius. The force of 20,000 men with Constantine defeated a force of 35,000 under Licinius in a battle near Cibalae in Pannonia. After this, Constantine made Licinius sign a treaty to hand over more of his territory to Constantine, leaving Licinius with Thrace as his only European territory. This is the opening battle of the civil wars between Constantine the Great and Licinius.
314 AD - The kingdom of Armenia, under King Tiridates III, becomes Christian and persecutes many people practicing the Zoroastrian faith.
315 AD - The arch of Constantine is erected in Rome.
316 AD - Death of the retired emperor Diocletian, who died of natural causes.
316 AD - The battle of the Campus Ardiensis occurs in Thrace, the second battle in the civil war between Emperor Constantine the Great and Emperor Licinius, which resulted in a major defeat for Licinius.
317 AD - Birth of Constantine II, in the city of Arelate.
320 AD - Birth of the Emperor Constans, in the city of Constantinople.
321 AD - The Emperor Constantine grants toleration to the persecuted Christian sect, the Donatists.
321 AD - Constantine grants the right for women to manage their own estates, except in the case of the sale of land estates.
322 AD - After an invasion of Pannonia by the Sarmatians, Emperor Constantine the Great campaigns against them, driving them out of Pannonia and even expanding the province slightly.
322 AD - The first version of St. Peter's Church is constructed in Rome.
323 AD - After a period of occupation of the province of Thrace, the Goths are driven out by Constantine.
323 AD - The navy of Constantine, under the command of his son Crispus, defeats the navy of Licinius.
324 AD - Battle of Adrianople, which resulted in victory for Constantine over the army of Licinius, who killed 34,000 men.
324 AD - Battle of Chrysopolis, in which the army of Constantine the Great defeated the army of Licinius with 25,000 dead.
324 AD - After defeating Licinius, Constantine stripped him of his rank and banished him to the city of Thessalonica.
325 AD - Death of the Emperor Licinius. The Emperor Constantine hanged him.
325 AD - The Council of Nicea occurs, which is a meeting of the religious (Christian) leaders from all around the empire. The council is said to have consisted of 255 bishops, although most of these were from the East.
325 AD - The Council of Nicaea sets the date of Easter, declaring it to be the first Sunday with a full moon after the Vernal Equinox.
326 AD - After a suspicion of adultery and treason, Constantine the Great executed his son Crispus.
326 AD - The aging mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, Helena, is sent on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem by Constantine.
327 AD - Constantine had his wife Fausta steamed to death in a bath that was too hot because she had been plotting against him.
328 AD - Birth of the Emperor Valens, in the city of Cibalae.
330 AD - Helena, the mother of Constantine, dies.
330 AD - Founding of the city of Constantinople over the site of the Greek colony of Byzantium. This is made the Imperial residence. The city's consecration is marked by forty days of celebrations, rituals and festivities.
331 AD - An invasion by the Vandals and Sarmatians is stopped by the Goths, who appeal to Constantine. In gratitude, Constantine sends them grain foods, oil, iron and wine, as well as a treaty.
332 AD - Birth of the Emperor Julian the Apostate.
336 AD - Constantine the Great campaigns along the river Danube until he recaptures most of Dacian gains made by Trajan.
336 AD - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is built and dedicated in Jerusalem.
337 AD - Constantine, knowing himself to be dying, had himself baptized by Eusebius, the bishop of Nicomedia.
337 AD - Death of the Emperor Constantine the Great, at Ankyrona. He was baptized just before his death to ensure entry into heaven and the purification of his soul.
339 AD - Birth of the bishop of Milan, Ambrose, in the city of Trier.
340 AD - Emperor Constans is campaigning very successfully against the tribes of the Danubian region.
340 AD - Death of the Emperor Constantine II, killed by an ambush set up by his brothers troops in a skirmish at Aquileia after Constantine II tried to annex his brother's territory.
341 AD - Emperor Constans begins a successful campaign against the Franks.
343 AD - The Emperor Constans crosses the English Channel to campaign against the marauding Picts and Scots, whom he successfully drives back into Caledonia.
347 AD - Birth of the Emperor Theodosius the Great, in the town of Cauca, Northwestern Spain.
348 AD - Birth of Saint Jerome, the Christian writer of the Vulgate (Latin translation of the bible).
350 AD - Death of the Emperor Constans, who was murdered by a man named Gaiso at the foot of the Pyrenees, after a revolt broke out under Magnentius.
350 AD - The Persians invade and take Armenia from the Romans again.
351 AD - Emperor Constantius II defeats the army of the pretender Magnentius in a battle near Mursa. He then rules the entire empire until 361 AD. During the battle, it is thought that he suffered losses of 54,000 men, making his victory very costly.
353 AD - A bloody battle ensues at Mons Seleuci, between Magnentius and Constantius II, in which Constantius II, although he won, lost 30,000 men and Magnentius lost 24,000 men. This was the final battle between Constantius II and Magnentius.
353 AD - Death of the Emperor Magnentius, who committed suicide at the city of Lugdunum.
353 AD - Since the Britons had supported Magnentius, Constantius II purges Britain of its entire ruling class.
354 AD - The Emperor Constantius II travels to Valentia, where he stops the incursions of the Alemmani, but ends in signing a peace treaty with them.
355 AD - Upon hearing that the Franks had captured the city of Cologne and the Alemmani had attacked Autun, Julian the Apostate lead his army against them, recapturing Cologne and driving of the Alemmani attacks.
357 AD - The Alemmani, under Kings Chnodomar and Serapio invade the empire with an army of 35,000 men. The reports from the battle that occurred near the Rhine River, state that 6,000 Alemmani died, but only 250 Romans died. Many Alemmani were unaccounted for, as the river in their haste to escape carried them away.
357 AD - The Emperor Constantine II issues a decree that any Christian who marries a Jew would have his property confiscated.
357 AD - Emperor Julian the Apostate defeats the Germanic Alemanni at the battle of Argentorate. The Roman force of 13,000 defeated a larger one of 30,000 with minor Roman and major Alemmanic losses.
359 AD - Birth of the Emperor Gratian, in the town of Sirmium.
359 AD - The Persians renew their invasions of Roman territory and spark a new war with Rome.
360 AD - The marauding tribes of Britain, most notably the Picts and Scots, breach Hadrian's Wall and invade Roman Britain.
361 AD - Julian the Apostate is proclaimed as emperor of Rome, and the Empire reverts back to the pagan religion.
361 AD - Emperor Julian the Apostate campaigns against the Alemmani, and forces them to sign a peace treaty after capturing their King Vadomar by treachery.
361 AD - Just before the commencement of civil war, Constantius II is taken ill and dies.
362 AD - The Emperor Julian the Apostate becomes unpopular when he travels to Antioch and fixes prices on grain to stave of a threatened famine.
363 AD - Death of the Emperor Julian the Apostate. An arrow during a skirmish killed him, fired by a contingent of Parthian cavalry archers. His replacement, Emperor Jovian, restores Christianity to the Empire.
363 AD - A peace treaty is signed between the Romans and the Persians.
364 AD - The Emperor Jovian is found dead in his tent.
367 AD - Britain is attacked and partially overrun by a coalition of the tribes of the Germanic Saxons, the Picts and Scots.
368 AD - The Emperor Valentinian campaigns across the Rhine, and with a large army he defeated the Alemmani in battle at Solicinium.
370 AD - Theodosius the Elder uses his army to drive the Scots and Picts out of Britain.
370 AD - The Roman historian, Eutropius, dies.
371 AD - Birth of the Emperor Valentinian II.
374 AD - As a commander on the Danube, Theodosius the Great campaigns against the Sarmatians, who had been making incursions into the Roman provinces.
374 AD - A new bishop of Milan is appointed, named Ambrose.
375 AD - The nomadic Huns begin to migrate. They cross the Volga River, attack the Germanic Visigoths who are living in the Ukraine region and drive them out. They are permitted to enter the empire as allies, but they are so badly mistreated by the Romans that they rise up in revolt.
375 AD - Death of the Roman Emperor Valentinian, who became so angry at the emissaries of the Quadi, that he ruptured a blood vessel.
375 AD - The successful general of Valentinian, Theodosius, is beheaded by enemies who were intriguing against him in Carthage.
377 AD - A battle under combined forces sent from Emperor Valens and Emperor Gratian against Visigoth and Ostrogoth armies occurs in a battle at Salices. Both sides had heavy casualties, and the Romans had to withdraw, leaving Thrace to be plundered by the Goths.
377 AD - Birth of the Emperor Arcadius, in Spain. He was the son of Emperor Theodosius.
378 AD - The Emperor Gratian's forces defeat the Alammanic tribe of Lentienses, massacring them to a point where only 5,000 of the 40,000 warriors escaped alive.
378 AD - Battle of Adrianople, in which Gothic horsemen utterly defeated a Roman army under the Emperor Valens. Valens was killed during this battle. Only a third of the Roman army escaped alive.
378 AD - The Goths, some Alans, and Huns move to attack the capital Constantinople. The city is saved by a group of Saracens who helped the Romans to defeat the attacking hordes.
379 AD - Theodosius the Great is proclaimed co-emperor by the Emperor Gratian.
379 AD - Uprising in Africa by a military commander named Gildo.
380 AD - Theodosius the Great declares Christianity to be the sole religion of the empire.
382 AD - The Emperor Theodosius the Great declares the remainder of the Visigoths as allies in a treaty in an attempt to stifle the constant invasions by the marauding barbarian hordes.
383 AD - Birth of the Emperor Honorius.
383 AD - Death of the Emperor Gratian, who was assassinated by an officer named Andragathius.
383 AD - The Roman Empire pulls all soldiers out and completely abandons the island of Britain.
383 AD - The governor of Britain, Magnus Maximus, revolts and tries to claim himself as Emperor of Briatain
387 AD - Emperor Theodosius signs a treaty with the Persian King Shapur III, giving Persia four fifths of Armenia, and Rome one fifth.
388 AD - Death of the Emperor Magnus Maximus, who was captured and executed by Theodosius the Great after the battle of Aquileia. Theodosius won by using German troops.
390 AD - Birth of the Roman general Flavius Aetius.
390 AD - After the murder of a general in an incident in Thessalonica, Theodosius invited them to free game, then treacherously sent in his soldiers to slaughter them. For this deed, he was refused communion from Bishop Ambrose of Milan until he performed public penance for his deed.
391 AD - The sole consul is Q. Aurelius Symmachus.
391 AD - Paganism is officially ended with edicts published by Emperor Theodosius against their practice.
391 AD - The army of Emperor Theodosius is defeat at the Maritza, by an army of Visigoths under the command of a young Alaric.
391 AD - Theodosius issues an edict that commands that the temple of Serapis in Egypt is to be demolished.
391 AD - The Great Library of Alexandria is destroyed under order of Emperor Theodosius.
392 AD - Theodosius manages to surround the Gothic invaders at the Maritza, compelling them to sign a peace treaty.
392 AD - Death of the Emperor Valentinian II, who was murdered by the Frankish general Arbogast.
393 AD - Theodosius the Great appoints his son Honorius as emperor of the west in order to depose the puppet emperor Eugenius, who is under the control of Arbogast.
394 AD - The last showing of the ancient Olympic Games is held in this year after it is banned by Emperor Theodosius the Great. It is not recommenced until 1896.
394 AD - Alaric I is made leader of the Gothic auxiliaries of the army of Theodosius the Great.
394 AD - A battle is fought at the River Frigidus where the Emperor Theodosius the Great defeated an army of Pagan orientated forces in the West.
395 AD - The Roman Empire is split, with both a Latin Western Empire and a Greek Eastern Empire created by the split. This is the last time of a unified Roman Empire.
395 AD - The sons of Theodosius the Great are given a side of the empire each. Arcadius is given the East, and Honorius is given the West.
395 AD - Death of the Emperor Theodosius the Great, who died of unknown causes.
395 AD - The commander of the Gothic auxiliaries, Alaric I, invades and ravages Thrace, Macedon, Thessaly, and Illyria, and captures Boeotia, Athens, Megara, Corinth, Argos, and Sparta. Stilicho and the troops of the Western Empire later drive him out of the Peloponnese.
395 AD - The Greek Eleusinian Mysteries are no longer celebrated after a group of fanatical Goths sack the sanctuary and destroy a large portion of it.
395 AD - The Huns invade Armenia, Cappadocia and Northern Syria, threatening both the Persian and Roman Empire.
396 AD - The city of Sparta, famous for its ancient military power, is sacked and then razed to the ground by King Alaric I.
396 AD - Alaric is bought off when he is made the governor of Illyricum.
397 AD - Death of Bishop Ambrose of Milan, who died just a few days before Easter.
399 AD - An army of Ostrogoths, under the command of King Tribigild, invade and capture Galatia, Pisidia, and Bithynia.
400 AD - Alaric is compelled to revolt, and does so, managing to capture southern Italy.
401 AD - An army of Vandals led by King Radagaisus invade Noricum and Raetia.
401 AD - The Visigoths invade Italy.
401 AD - Birth of the emperor Theodosius II.
402 AD - The Roman auxiliary general, Flavius Stilicho (a Vandal) defeats the invasion force of Alaric in battle at Pollentia on the Tanarus.
403 AD - The Roman Master of the Soldiers, Stilicho, defeats the army of Alaric in the battle of Verona.
403 AD - Honorius changes the capital of the Western Empire to Ravenna. This begins the decline of the city of Rome as a major power, as Rome is now superceded by many other cities of the empire.
405 AD - The Roman general Flavius Stilicho repels a barbarian invasion of Italy begun under Radagaisus in a battle near Fiesole.
405 AD - The colosseum is closed and all gladiatorial fights are banned after a monk is stoned to death for trying to break up a pair of combatants.
406 AD - The nomadic tribe known as the Vandals invades Gaul. Other migratory tribes instantly follow them.
406 AD - The Roman legions are removed from Britain forever.
407 AD - Bands of Isaurian brigands and bandits ravage and plunder the majority of Asia Minor.
408 AD - Death of the Roman general Stilcho, who is murdered is in Ravenna.
408 AD - Death of the Emperor Arcadius, who died of natural causes.
409 AD - The Vandals, an Arabic tribe, and the Germanic Suevi and Alans all invade Spain, which is then lost to the empire forever.
410 AD - The Visigoths and other Germanic tribes sack Rome.
410+ AD - Around this period in time, the feudal system begins to evolve, as the provincial councils are now composed of people owning more than a certain amount of land.
410 AD - The Roman forces in Britain are removed, and the island is left to fend for itself among a number of contenders, pretenders and invaders, until the clear outcome at the battle of Hastings in 1066 AD.
413 AD - Emperor Constantius III drives the Goths out of Italy and back into Gaul.
413 AD - Count Heraclian of Africa attempts to gain the throne in the West by invading Italy, but he was defeated, captured and beheaded.
417 AD - The Emperor Honorius grants the title of Allies to the Suevi and Asding Vandals.
418 AD - A new king of the Visigoths is created. He is a grandson of Alaric, and is known as Theodoric the Goth.
418 AD - The Visigoths are given tracts of the best land available in Gaul to settle upon. This was eventually formed to create the independent kingdom of Tolouse.
419 AD - Alaric Plunder Augustus's Mausoleum in Rome.
419 AD - Birth of the Emperor Valentinian III.
420 AD - Death of the Christian writer St. Jerome.
423 AD - Death of the Emperor Honorius. He died of illness.
429 AD - 80,000 Vandals, under their king Gaiseric, cross over to and occupy Mauretania.
429 AD - King Gaiseric and his Vandals invade and take control over the rich Roman Africa province while the Empire is assailed on all sides.
430 AD - Gaiseric, a King of the Vandals, lays siege to and captures the city of Hippo.
430 AD - Death of the writer and Christian St. Augustine of Hippo.
430 AD - The Arsacid Persian Dynasty comes to an end.
432 - 439 AD - The general Flavius Aetius wages successful campaigns against the Visigoths and Burgundians in the province of Gallia Narbonesis (it may have been renamed by this point).
434 AD - The sole consul is Flavius Aetius.
434 AD - Atilla is made king of the Huns.
435 AD - The Visigothic King Theodoric I attacks the Romans in Gaul and besieges them in the city of Narbonne.
436 AD - Aetius sends his Hunish auxiliaries against the Burgundians, killing 20,000 of them in the regency of Placidia.
437 AD - The Burgundians and some Alans were made Allies of Rome.
438 AD - The Theodosian Code is published. This is a codification of the laws of the Roman Empire up until this point.
439 AD - After the Vandals invaded North Africa, King Gaiseric subjugated the city of Carthage and made it his capital.
442 AD - The Germanic tribe of the Saxons take control of the island of Britain.
446 AD - The island of Britain makes its final appeal of help to the Roman Empire, especially to the general Flavius Aetius. But the appeal is ignored due to the growing crisis in the empire.
447 AD - Atilla attacks the Roman Empire.
447 AD - The Huns invade and devastate the province of Lower Moesia, as well as the Kingdom of Scythia.
450 AD - The Western Empire refuses to continue to pay a tribute to stop attacks from the Huns. In response, the Huns invade Italy and Gaul.
450 AD - Justin I, future Byzantine emperor, is born in Illyria.
451 AD - The general Flavius Aetius brings the armies of Atilla the Hun to battle at the battle of Troyes. It is a costly victory for Aetius, and he is unable to follow it up. Theodoric the Goth, who had allied and helped Aetius against Atilla is killed while driving back Atilla's troops.
452 AD - Atilla captures and sacks the town of Patavium (Padua).
452 AD - King Atilla captures the city of Aquileia and razes it to the ground.
453 AD - Death of the Hunish king Atilla.
454 AD - A revolt of Atilla's advisor, the Gepid Ardaric and many other Germans vassals, defeats the Hunnish empire.
454 AD - The power of the Huns is forever broken. Many join the Roman army, some merge with other tribes and some just become brigands.
454 AD - Flavius Aetius is stabbed to death as he stands before Emperor Valentinian III to give a report on the military condition of the empire.
454 AD - The Ostrogoths, after many years of aimless wandering due to being displace by tribal migrations, settles in the Roman province of Pannonia.
454 AD - The Alemmani breach the Rhine borders and invade the Roman Empire in several waves of warriors.
455 AD - Death of the Emperor Valentinian III, who is murdered by two supporters of the general Flavius Aetius.

Timeline of Roman History ( Part 4 of 5 )]

Timeline of Roman History ( Part 1 of 5 )
Timeline of Roman History ( Part 2 of 5 )
Timeline of Roman History ( part 3 of 5 )

Timeline of Roman History ( part 4 of 5 )

Timeline of Roman History ( part 5 of 5 )