1) Fire (if we want to go back that far) - The Choukoutien Caves inhabited by Peking Man during a part of the 2nd glaciation is the oldest "known" evidence. The evidence suggested that it was used for cooking. Many however may point to evidence of earlier fire-keeping based on supposition (evidence of people living where it was too cold to have lived without fire).

2) Domesticated Sheep - Earliest evidence is from Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Iraq (9000 BC)

3) Oldest town - Catal Huyuk, Asia Minor (7000 BC and before)

4) Oldest Agriculture - Einkorn wheat, at Jarmo, Iraq (6700 BC) and Catal Huyuk, and Einkorn wheat as well as primitive 2-rowed barley and six-rowed, lax-eared barley at Jarmo. Earliest Cilician sites grew 6-rowed, dense-eared barley.

5) First Domesticated Goats - 7000 to 6000 BC in pre-pottery levels of Jericho, and possibly pre-pottery Jarmo and Belt Cave (6000 BC).

First Domesticated Pigs - At least Jarmo, Iraq (6500 BC), but estimated to have originated in the Crimea at Tash Air (Mesolithic).

First Consumption of pulses (field-peas, lentils, & blue-vetchling) - At Jarmo in the 7th to 6th millenia BC.

First Woven Cloth - At Catal Huyuk (Unknown period)

First Mural Painting and Landscape Painting - Catal Huyuk (unknown period)

First Consumption of the Apple - In Anatolia of 6500 BC.

First Created Wine - The oldest traces of wine I know of have been found in some old clay jars in Hajji Firuz, Iran. The traces have tested out to earlier than 5000 BC - older than the experts gave us credit for being able to make pressure-proof containers.

First Domesticated Cattle - Since several cave-art representations showing considerable variation in appearance of cattle doesn't necessarily mean they were domesticated, the earliest evidence of domestication is at the Halafian site of Bandahilk, Iraq (5000 BC). Zebu cattle were being bred in Mesopotamia by 3000 BC (earliest evidence for them).

First Culture of Chick-Peas - Palestine of 4000 BC.

First Culture of the citron - Native to Arabia, it was first grown at Nippur by 4000 BC.

First Writing - Sumerians invent pictographic writing of 2,000 symbols written on clay tablets (4000 to 3500 BC).

First culture of the Turnip - From the Caucassus Mtns to the Baltic Sea during prehistoric times.

Orchard Husbandry First Practiced (4000 to 3000 BC)- Most fruits and nuts were originally from Asia Minor through Persia. Some of those which were first grown in western Asia include: Apples (from Anatolia and eaten since at least 6500 BC), Pears (first brought into cultivation in Hittite orchards), Quince (from the Caucassus Mtns to near the Caspian Sea, first brought into cultivation by the Mesopotamians), Plums (from Anatolia, the Caucassus, and northern Persia, they were grown by Assyrians (8th through 6th centuries BC)and other Mesopotamians), Mulberry (native to Mesopotamia, and so was probably included early in orchard husbandry), Pomegranite (origins in Asia Minor through Persia and cultivated at least by Assyrian times 8th through 6th centuries), Medlar (native of Persia which was cultivated by Assyrian times), Date Palm (It was grown in Sumer, Indus Valley and Egypt well into prehistoric times, but the first historic evidence of it is a text by Shu-Sin of Ur in 2050 BC, in which he mentions date plantations), Carob (origin on the coasts of Syria and Anatolia), Sweet Cherry, Prunus avium, and the Sour Cherry, Prunus cerasus (both from Anatolia, grown by at least the 8th century BC).

Potter's Wheel First Used in Mesopotamia (just before 3rd Millennium BC).

First Wheeled Vehicles in Sumeria (just before 3rd Millennium).

First appearance of cuneiform (non-pictographic) writing in Sumeria (just before 3rd Millennium BC).

Linen invented in Middle East (just before 3rd Millennium).

First Cultivation of Emmer Wheat - At Jarmo, Iraqi Kurdistan (before 3000 BC)

First Oil-burning Lamps - Invented by Sumerians (early 3rd Millennium).

Sumerians invent bread and beer (early 3rd Millenniuim).

Domestic Red Jungle Fowl (progenitor to the chicken) - Early Indus Valley (2100 BC)

There were melons and gourds in ancient western Asia, I'm just not sure which ones they were. We didn't discover the watermelon or pumpkin, because they were both native to Africa. A list of "Assyrian Herbs" mentions the Desert Cucumber (a species of Citrullus), a "Squirting Cucumber", and melons. There are a number of ancient carvings of Assyrian feasts (9th through 7th centuries), showing what seems to be slices of melon, and Ur-Nammu of Ur grew it in his garden (2100 BC). Edible gourds and melons were also listed in the garden of King Merodach-Baladan (late 8th century BC). Cucumbers were grown in India by 1000 BC. They then worked their way to Mesopotamia.

First Cultivation of Truffles - In Mari (1800 BC), this is the oldest historical/archeological evidence of mushroom eating I know of, but other species may have been eaten earlier in other lands.

First Laws - The Code of Hammurabi (about 1750 BC) may not have actually been the first written laws, but they were the most complete. It is comforting that many of these laws were designed to protect the poor from the powerful. They were preceded by laws written by Ur-Nammu, Lipit-Ishtar, Bilalama and Urukagina.

First use of Guitar & Tambourine - Invented by Hittites in late 2nd Millennium.

Invention of Iron - Used in Syria and Palestine (late 2nd Millennium).

First Cultivation of Rye - Ancestors of cultivated rye are in Turkey through Afghanistan, somewhat prior to the first millennium BC.

Royal Purple Dye Invented - In Tyre of 10th century BC.

Subterranean Water Tunnels - Supply water to Jerusalem in 10th century BC.

First Cultivation of the Beet - Garden of King Merodach-Baladan of Babylon (late 8th century BC), but only the leaves were eaten in ancient times.

Invention of Coins - Coins were made in 7th century BC Lydia out of electrum.

Banking Business starts in 6th century BC Babylon.

First Reliable Circumnavigation of Africa by Phoenicians (6th century BC)

Invention of Parchment - City of Pergamom in Asia Minor invents parchment to break monopoly by Egypt and produce a superior product for use in wetter climates (about 250 BC).

First Cultivation of Water Cress - Origin is Persia, but it may have only been ornamental in its early years. Since Theophrastus wrote of it, it had to have been used prior to the 3rd century BC.

First Cultivation of Spinach - Indigenous to Persia, but first mentioned in Chinese writings of 647 AD.